OPT2222 Exam 3 Flashcards
What drugs are used as anti-fungals?
Polyene macrolide antibiotics
Drugs toxic to what cells are also toxic to human cells?
Fungal cells
What is are the primary anti-fungal antibiotics?
Amphotericin B
Nystatin - “azoles”
How does Amphothericin B work?
Mimics membrane lipids
Effective topically and systemic (IV)
What are the three types of antiparasitics?
Antimalarial
Antiprotozoal
Antihelminthic
What are the most common antimalarials?
Chloroquinine
Prinaquine
Mefloquine
What causes malaria?
Plasmodium
What are the common antiparasitics?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
How do antihelminthics work?
Immobilize worm, disintegrate worm, inhibit metabolism of worm
What microorganism causes the most human disease?
Viruses
How do antivirals work?
Do not KILL virus
Block penetration into host cell
Block replication, transcription, translation
Prevent viral particles from maturing
What are some common nucleotide analog antivirals?
Acyclovir (Herpes)
Ribavirin (Guanine analog)
Azothioprim (Thymine analog) HIV
What do protease inhibitors do?
Prevent maturation of viral particles (HIV)
How do antiherpes meds work?
Mimic structure of nucleotides
Compete for sites on replicating DNA
What is the most common cause of infectious keratitis in USA?
Herpes Keratitis
1 in 100 get it - causes corneal scars
Herpes virus affects what part of nervous system?
Sensory (lives in trigeminal ganglion)
What are these meds? Idozuridine Trifluridine Acyclovir Vidarabine Valacyclovir Famciclovir Ganciclovir Peniciclovir
Ophthalmic antivirals (given topically) Shorten severity and duration of illness
How are most meds applied to eye?
Ophthalmic drops and ointments (on eyelid margin)
What is the single largest therapeutic problem facing medicine today?
Drug resistance
What acquire new genes for resistance factors?
Plasmids
What are encoded with drug resistance?
Transposons
Indiscriminate and overuse of antiboitics do what?
Kill normal resident flora
Selects for resistant strains
What is MIC?
Mean Inhibitory Concentration of drug
(Minimum amount necessary to do the job)
Invitro effect
How can you test drug susceptibility?
Kirby-Bauer disk
E-test diffusion test
How can you quickly tell if antibiotic is necessary?
ELISA test (quick screening technique)
What is the best drug?
The one with the highest level of selectivity with lowest level of toxicity
Are In Vitro and In Vivo effects of drugs always correlated?
NO
What is the Therapeutic Index?
Ratio of toxic drug dose to minimum effective dose
The higher the index, the better
