OPT2222 Exam 3

Question 1

What drugs are used as anti-fungals?

Answer 1

Polyene macrolide antibiotics

Question 2

Drugs toxic to what cells are also toxic to human cells?

Answer 2

Fungal cells

Question 3

What is are the primary anti-fungal antibiotics?

Answer 3

Amphotericin B

Nystatin - “azoles”

Question 4

How does Amphothericin B work?

Answer 4

Mimics membrane lipids

Effective topically and systemic (IV)

Question 5

What are the three types of antiparasitics?

Answer 5

Antimalarial
Antiprotozoal
Antihelminthic

Question 6

What are the most common antimalarials?

Answer 6

Chloroquinine
Prinaquine
Mefloquine

Question 7

What causes malaria?

Answer 7

Plasmodium

Question 8

What are the common antiparasitics?

Answer 8

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Question 9

How do antihelminthics work?

Answer 9

Immobilize worm, disintegrate worm, inhibit metabolism of worm

Question 10

What microorganism causes the most human disease?

Answer 10

Viruses

Question 11

How do antivirals work?

Answer 11

Do not KILL virus
Block penetration into host cell
Block replication, transcription, translation
Prevent viral particles from maturing

Question 12

What are some common nucleotide analog antivirals?

Answer 12

Acyclovir (Herpes)
Ribavirin (Guanine analog)
Azothioprim (Thymine analog) HIV

Question 13

What do protease inhibitors do?

Answer 13

Prevent maturation of viral particles (HIV)

Question 14

How do antiherpes meds work?

Answer 14

Mimic structure of nucleotides

Compete for sites on replicating DNA

Question 15

What is the most common cause of infectious keratitis in USA?

Answer 15

Herpes Keratitis

1 in 100 get it - causes corneal scars

Question 16

Herpes virus affects what part of nervous system?

Answer 16

Sensory (lives in trigeminal ganglion)

Question 17

What are these meds?
Idozuridine
Trifluridine
Acyclovir
Vidarabine
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
Ganciclovir
Peniciclovir

Answer 17

Ophthalmic antivirals (given topically)
Shorten severity and duration of illness

Question 18

How are most meds applied to eye?

Answer 18

Ophthalmic drops and ointments (on eyelid margin)

Question 19

What is the single largest therapeutic problem facing medicine today?

Answer 19

Drug resistance

Question 20

What acquire new genes for resistance factors?

Answer 20

Plasmids

Question 21

What are encoded with drug resistance?

Answer 21

Transposons

Question 22

Indiscriminate and overuse of antiboitics do what?

Answer 22

Kill normal resident flora

Selects for resistant strains

Question 23

What is MIC?

Answer 23

Mean Inhibitory Concentration of drug
(Minimum amount necessary to do the job)
Invitro effect

Question 24

How can you test drug susceptibility?

Answer 24

Kirby-Bauer disk

E-test diffusion test

Question 25

How can you quickly tell if antibiotic is necessary?

Answer 25

ELISA test (quick screening technique)

Question 26

What is the best drug?

Answer 26

The one with the highest level of selectivity with lowest level of toxicity

Question 27

Are In Vitro and In Vivo effects of drugs always correlated?

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

What is the Therapeutic Index?

Answer 28

Ratio of toxic drug dose to minimum effective dose

The higher the index, the better