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Nobody cares about this class > Opsonization and Phagocytosis > Flashcards

Opsonization and Phagocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

opsonization

A

process of attaching opsonins to microbial surfaces to target microbes for opsonization

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2
Q

osponins

A

macromolecules attached to surface of microbe, by neutrophls and macrophages

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3
Q

specific opsonins

A
  1. IgG

2. complement facotr C3

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4
Q

what is required for most microbes to be phagocytized?

A

opsonization

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5
Q

how does opsonization increase ingestion (via phagocytosis) of microbes?

A

it changes the hydrophilic cell surface to be more hydrophobic

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6
Q

Steps of IgG mediated opsonization

A
  1. binding of opsonized microbe to Fc receptors of phagocyte
  2. Fc receptors activate phagocyte
  3. phagocytosis of microbe
  4. killing of ingested microbe
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7
Q

steps of complement fragment mediated opsonization

A
  1. C3b binds to microbe
  2. recognition of bound C3b by phagocyte C3b receptor
  3. phagocytosis
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8
Q

what is a major benefit of opsonization?

A

focuses attack on microbes

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9
Q

(naming Fc receptors. example being FCγRIII)

what does Fc mean?

A

receptor will bind to Fc portion of the antibody

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10
Q

(naming Fc receptors. example being FCγRIII)

what does γ mean?

A

IgG is binding

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11
Q

(naming Fc receptors. example being FCγRIII)

what does R mean?

A

receptor

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12
Q

(naming Fc receptors. example being FCγRIII)

what does III mean?

A

third subtype

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13
Q

(naming Fc receptors)

what does ε mean?

A

IgE is binding

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14
Q

(naming Fc receptors)

what does α mean?

A

IgA is binding

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15
Q

how many types of IgG receptors are in people?

A

3

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16
Q

what is the most important IgG receptor for phagocytosis of IgG coated particles?

A

FCγRIII

R2 is key

17
Q

how many types of complement related proteins?

A

4

18
Q

what are the chemotactic factors of complement related proteins?

A

C3a and C5a

19
Q

what are the main complement derived opsonins of complement related proteins?

A

C3b and C3bi

20
Q

neutrophils

A

major phagocytic cell in innate response

21
Q

what is responsible for neutrophils’ killing abilities?

A

granules in cytoplasm

22
Q

what is released when neutrophils die?

A

CD16 (causes them to be marked by opsonins and cleared out)

23
Q

monocytes/macrophages

A

phagocytize and produce cytokines

24
Q

where are monocytes/macrophages found?

A

circulate in blood and move into tissue eventually

25
Q

what are the two mechanisms of killing?

A
  1. oxidative (ROS)

2. non-oxidative (pH change/enzymes)

26
Q

what are pathogen tactics to avoid being killed?

A
  1. cytotoxicity to host cells
  2. inhibit opsonization/ inactivate phagocytosis
  3. survive intracellular killing (inhibit, escape or survive lysosomes)

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