Ops, Chemistry, Toxicology Flashcards
What does the following mnemonic help you remember?
Every
Good
Fire
Fighter
Ought
To
Read
Current
Manuals
The hazard classes.
Explosive
Gas
Flammable Liquid
Flammable Solid
Oxidizer
Toxic
Radioactive
Corrosive
Miscellaneous
What is the hazard classification for gases and the three distinct divisions?
Gas is hazard class 2
Div 2.1 -Flammable Gas - Red Placard
Div 2.2 -Non-Flammable Gas - Green Placard
Div 2.3 -Poisonous Gas - White Background w/ black words and skull & cross bones
Oxygen - Yellow Placard
Class 1 is what class of hazards?
Explosives- Orange placard
Div. 1.1 (Mass detonation hazard) to Div. 1.6 (extremely insensitive)
What do the different page colors in the ERG signify?
Yellow- Chemicals by 4 digit UN number
Blue- Chemicals alphabetically by name
Orange- 3 digit guide number
Green- Toxic substances/evac distances
Flash Point
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source.
What is vapor pressure?
Pressure characteristic at any given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its solid or liquid form.
It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid).
Substances with low vapor pressures tend to evaporate slowly and remain liquid at atmospheric pressure whereas high vapor pressure materials (> 760 mmHg or 1 ATM) tend to be gases.
What is Vapor Density?
The density of a specific volume of a vapor/gas as compared to an identical volume of dry air.
Specific Gravity
The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water.
Irritants
Material that causes disruptability of a person to carry out a particular test.
Hypergolic
Materials that react spontaneously when in contact with one another.
LD50/LC50
Lethal Dose or Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of a test population.
Blood Agent
Toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. They are either cyanide- or arsenic-based.
How much constitutes a large spill?
More than 55 gallons or 660 pounds
STEL
Short Term Exposure Limit - acceptable average exposure over a short period of time, usually 15 minutes as long as the time-weighted average is not exceeded over 8 hours.
What does the NFPA 704 placard look like and what do the numbers mean?
Which number is the UN number on the label below?
1203
Sublimation
Conversion of a solid directly into a gas.
Fire Point
Lowest temperature at which the vapor of a fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. Higher than flash point.
Hygroscopic
Ability of a chemical compound to absorb or adsorb water
Ignition (Autoignition) Temperature
The lowest temperature at which a material spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.
Chemical instability
Spontaneous decomposition, polymerization or otherwise self initiated reaction generally considered unstable
Miscibility
The property of substances to mix in all proportions or to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration forming a homogeneous solution.
Flammable Solids
Materials that can ignite through friction, absorption of water or chemical reaction.
Critical Pressure
Minimum pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas.
Critical Temperature
Maximum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied.
Expansion Ratio
Volume of a given amount of a substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the same amount of substance in gaseous form
Chemical Compound
Substance composed of two or more elements in chemical combination.
SADT - Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature
Lowest temperature at which an organic peroxide will undergo a self accelerating decomposition. The SADT is the point at which the heat evolution from the decomposition reaction and the heat removal rate from the package of interest become unbalanced. When the heat removal is too low, the temperature in the package increases and the rate of decomposition increases in an uncontrollable manner.
MSST - Maximum Safe Storage Temperature
Maximum temperature at which a chemical can be kept and remain stable.
Vesicants
Blister Agents - Chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation. They are named for their ability to cause severe chemical burns.
Examples: Sulfur mustards, Nitrogen mustards, Lewisite.
Exposure
Amount of the substance which is available for absorption NOT the amount actually absorbed.
Dose
Amount actually absorbed.
Contamination
Occurs when the material clings to or saturates clothing or parts of your body.
Acute vs. Chronic
Acute- Exposure over short period of time to a relatively high concentration of a substance. May have effects that are both immediate and long-term.
Chronic- Long-term over several days to years and involve repeated periods of contact at relatively low concentrations.
Name 4 ways toxins enter your body?
Ingestion, Injection, Absorption, Inhalation
Name 4 types of effects that hazardous mixtures can have on your body.
Addition (2+2=4)
Synergism (2+2=6)
Potentiation (0+2=4)
Antagonism (2+2=0)
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit
Legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent and established by the OSHA.
For chemicals, the chemical regulation is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm), or sometimes in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3).
A PEL is usually given as a time-weighted average (TWA), although some are short-term exposure limits (STEL) or ceiling limits.
TLV- Threshold Limit Value
Level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects. The TLV is an estimate based on the known toxicity in humans or animals of a given chemical substance. TLV are values established by a professional organization and are not law.
A chemical added to slow down or speed up a chemical reaction.
Catalyst
A substance that spontaneously ignites when exposed to air is considered?
Pyrophoric
