Ops, Chemistry, Toxicology

Question 1

What does the following mnemonic help you remember?

Every

Good

Fire

Fighter

Ought

To

Read

Current

Manuals

Answer 1

The hazard classes.

Explosive

Gas

Flammable Liquid

Flammable Solid

Oxidizer

Toxic

Radioactive

Corrosive

Miscellaneous

Question 2

What is the hazard classification for gases and the three distinct divisions?

Answer 2

Gas is hazard class 2

Div 2.1 -Flammable Gas - Red Placard

Div 2.2 -Non-Flammable Gas - Green Placard

Div 2.3 -Poisonous Gas - White Background w/ black words and skull & cross bones

Oxygen - Yellow Placard

Question 3

Class 1 is what class of hazards?

Answer 3

Explosives- Orange placard

Div. 1.1 (Mass detonation hazard) to Div. 1.6 (extremely insensitive)

Question 4

What do the different page colors in the ERG signify?

Answer 4

Yellow- Chemicals by 4 digit UN number

Blue- Chemicals alphabetically by name

Orange- 3 digit guide number

Green- Toxic substances/evac distances

Question 5

Flash Point

Answer 5

The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source.

Question 6

What is vapor pressure?

Answer 6

Pressure characteristic at any given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its solid or liquid form.

It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid).

Substances with low vapor pressures tend to evaporate slowly and remain liquid at atmospheric pressure whereas high vapor pressure materials (> 760 mmHg or 1 ATM) tend to be gases.

Question 7

What is Vapor Density?

Answer 7

The density of a specific volume of a vapor/gas as compared to an identical volume of dry air.

Question 8

Specific Gravity

Answer 8

The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water.

Question 9

Irritants

Answer 9

Material that causes disruptability of a person to carry out a particular test.

Question 10

Hypergolic

Answer 10

Materials that react spontaneously when in contact with one another.

Question 11

LD₅₀/LC₅₀

Answer 11

Lethal Dose or Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of a test population.

Question 12

Blood Agent

Answer 12

Toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. They are either cyanide- or arsenic-based.

Question 13

How much constitutes a large spill?

Answer 13

More than 55 gallons or 660 pounds

Question 14

STEL

Answer 14

Short Term Exposure Limit - acceptable average exposure over a short period of time, usually 15 minutes as long as the time-weighted average is not exceeded over 8 hours.

Question 15

What does the NFPA 704 placard look like and what do the numbers mean?

Answer 15

Question 16

Which number is the UN number on the label below?

Answer 16

1203

Question 17

Sublimation

Answer 17

Conversion of a solid directly into a gas.

Question 18

Fire Point

Answer 18

Lowest temperature at which the vapor of a fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. Higher than flash point.

Question 19

Hygroscopic

Answer 19

Ability of a chemical compound to absorb or adsorb water

Question 20

Ignition (Autoignition) Temperature

Answer 20

The lowest temperature at which a material spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.

Question 21

Chemical instability

Answer 21

Spontaneous decomposition, polymerization or otherwise self initiated reaction generally considered unstable

Question 22

Miscibility

Answer 22

The property of substances to mix in all proportions or to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration forming a homogeneous solution.

Question 23

Flammable Solids

Answer 23

Materials that can ignite through friction, absorption of water or chemical reaction.

Question 24

Critical Pressure

Answer 24

Minimum pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas.

Question 25

Critical Temperature

Answer 25

Maximum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied.

Question 26

Expansion Ratio

Answer 26

Volume of a given amount of a substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the same amount of substance in gaseous form

Question 27

Chemical Compound

Answer 27

Substance composed of two or more elements in chemical combination.

Question 28

SADT - Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature

Answer 28

Lowest temperature at which an organic peroxide will undergo a self accelerating decomposition. The SADT is the point at which the heat evolution from the decomposition reaction and the heat removal rate from the package of interest become unbalanced. When the heat removal is too low, the temperature in the package ***increases*** and the rate of decomposition ***increases*** in an uncontrollable manner.

Question 29

MSST - Maximum Safe Storage Temperature

Answer 29

Maximum temperature at which a chemical can be kept and remain stable.

Question 30

Vesicants

Answer 30

Blister Agents - Chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation. They are named for their ability to cause severe chemical burns. Examples: Sulfur mustards, Nitrogen mustards, Lewisite.

Question 31

Exposure

Answer 31

Amount of the substance which is available for absorption NOT the amount actually absorbed.

Question 32

Dose

Answer 32

Amount actually absorbed.

Question 33

Contamination

Answer 33

Occurs when the material clings to or saturates clothing or parts of your body.

Question 34

Acute vs. Chronic

Answer 34

**Acute-** Exposure over short period of time to a relatively high concentration of a substance. May have effects that are both immediate and long-term. Chronic- Long-term over several days to years and involve repeated periods of contact at relatively low concentrations.

Question 35

Name 4 ways toxins enter your body?

Answer 35

Ingestion, Injection, Absorption, Inhalation

Question 36

Name 4 types of effects that hazardous mixtures can have on your body.

Answer 36

Addition (2+2=4) Synergism (2+2=6) Potentiation (0+2=4) Antagonism (2+2=0)

Question 37

PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit

Answer 37

Legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent and established by the OSHA. For chemicals, the chemical regulation is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm), or sometimes in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). A PEL is usually given as a time-weighted average (TWA), although some are short-term exposure limits (STEL) or ceiling limits.

Question 38

TLV- Threshold Limit Value

Answer 38

Level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects. The TLV is an estimate based on the known toxicity in humans or animals of a given chemical substance. TLV are values established by a professional organization and are not law.

Question 39

A chemical added to slow down or speed up a chemical reaction.

Answer 39

Catalyst

Question 40

A substance that spontaneously ignites when exposed to air is considered?

Answer 40

Pyrophoric