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NC HazMat 12/2017 > Ops, Chemistry, Toxicology > Flashcards

Ops, Chemistry, Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the following mnemonic help you remember?

Every

Good

Fire

Fighter

Ought

To

Read

Current

Manuals

A

The hazard classes.

Explosive

Gas

Flammable Liquid

Flammable Solid

Oxidizer

Toxic

Radioactive

Corrosive

Miscellaneous

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2
Q

What is the hazard classification for gases and the three distinct divisions?

A

Gas is hazard class 2

Div 2.1 -Flammable Gas - Red Placard

Div 2.2 -Non-Flammable Gas - Green Placard

Div 2.3 -Poisonous Gas - White Background w/ black words and skull & cross bones

Oxygen - Yellow Placard

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3
Q

Class 1 is what class of hazards?

A

Explosives- Orange placard

Div. 1.1 (Mass detonation hazard) to Div. 1.6 (extremely insensitive)

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4
Q

What do the different page colors in the ERG signify?

A

Yellow- Chemicals by 4 digit UN number

Blue- Chemicals alphabetically by name

Orange- 3 digit guide number

Green- Toxic substances/evac distances

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5
Q

Flash Point

A

The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source.

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6
Q

What is vapor pressure?

A

Pressure characteristic at any given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its solid or liquid form.

It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid).

Substances with low vapor pressures tend to evaporate slowly and remain liquid at atmospheric pressure whereas high vapor pressure materials (> 760 mmHg or 1 ATM) tend to be gases.

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7
Q

What is Vapor Density?

A

The density of a specific volume of a vapor/gas as compared to an identical volume of dry air.

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8
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water.

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9
Q

Irritants

A

Material that causes disruptability of a person to carry out a particular test.

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10
Q

Hypergolic

A

Materials that react spontaneously when in contact with one another.

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11
Q

LD50/LC50

A

Lethal Dose or Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of a test population.

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12
Q

Blood Agent

A

Toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. They are either cyanide- or arsenic-based.

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13
Q

How much constitutes a large spill?

A

More than 55 gallons or 660 pounds

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14
Q

STEL

A

Short Term Exposure Limit - acceptable average exposure over a short period of time, usually 15 minutes as long as the time-weighted average is not exceeded over 8 hours.

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15
Q

What does the NFPA 704 placard look like and what do the numbers mean?

A
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16
Q

Which number is the UN number on the label below?

A

1203

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17
Q

Sublimation

A

Conversion of a solid directly into a gas.

18
Q

Fire Point

A

Lowest temperature at which the vapor of a fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. Higher than flash point.

19
Q

Hygroscopic

A

Ability of a chemical compound to absorb or adsorb water

20
Q

Ignition (Autoignition) Temperature

A

The lowest temperature at which a material spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.

21
Q

Chemical instability

A

Spontaneous decomposition, polymerization or otherwise self initiated reaction generally considered unstable

22
Q

Miscibility

A

The property of substances to mix in all proportions or to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration forming a homogeneous solution.

23
Q

Flammable Solids

A

Materials that can ignite through friction, absorption of water or chemical reaction.

24
Q

Critical Pressure

A

Minimum pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas.

25
Q

Critical Temperature

A

Maximum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied.

26
Q

Expansion Ratio

A

Volume of a given amount of a substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the same amount of substance in gaseous form

27
Q

Chemical Compound

A

Substance composed of two or more elements in chemical combination.

28
Q

SADT - Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature

A

Lowest temperature at which an organic peroxide will undergo a self accelerating decomposition. The SADT is the point at which the heat evolution from the decomposition reaction and the heat removal rate from the package of interest become unbalanced. When the heat removal is too low, the temperature in the package increases and the rate of decomposition increases in an uncontrollable manner.

29
Q

MSST - Maximum Safe Storage Temperature

A

Maximum temperature at which a chemical can be kept and remain stable.

30
Q

Vesicants

A

Blister Agents - Chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation. They are named for their ability to cause severe chemical burns.

Examples: Sulfur mustards, Nitrogen mustards, Lewisite.

31
Q

Exposure

A

Amount of the substance which is available for absorption NOT the amount actually absorbed.

32
Q

Dose

A

Amount actually absorbed.

33
Q

Contamination

A

Occurs when the material clings to or saturates clothing or parts of your body.

34
Q

Acute vs. Chronic

A

Acute- Exposure over short period of time to a relatively high concentration of a substance. May have effects that are both immediate and long-term.

Chronic- Long-term over several days to years and involve repeated periods of contact at relatively low concentrations.

35
Q

Name 4 ways toxins enter your body?

A

Ingestion, Injection, Absorption, Inhalation

36
Q

Name 4 types of effects that hazardous mixtures can have on your body.

A

Addition (2+2=4)

Synergism (2+2=6)

Potentiation (0+2=4)

Antagonism (2+2=0)

37
Q

PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit

A

Legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent and established by the OSHA.

For chemicals, the chemical regulation is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm), or sometimes in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3).

A PEL is usually given as a time-weighted average (TWA), although some are short-term exposure limits (STEL) or ceiling limits.

38
Q

TLV- Threshold Limit Value

A

Level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects. The TLV is an estimate based on the known toxicity in humans or animals of a given chemical substance. TLV are values established by a professional organization and are not law.

39
Q

A chemical added to slow down or speed up a chemical reaction.

A

Catalyst

40
Q

A substance that spontaneously ignites when exposed to air is considered?

A

Pyrophoric

NC HazMat 12/2017 (11 decks)

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