Opposition to Alexander II

Question 1

What were the reasons for opposition and assassination ?

Answer 1

-Dislike for autocracy
- His Reforms were not far reaching enough
-loss of support from nobility
-loss of support from his family due to his affair
-liberals wanted to break down autocracy through constitutionalism and popular participation
-no other way to remove an autocrat
-Alexanders failure to set up institutions for civil society
-Peasants unhappy with unfair treatment

Question 2

What was the aim of the Liberal intelligentsia ?

Answer 2

• Reform the autocracy
• marxist theory an socialism
  -Constitutional reform

Question 3

What was the aim of the Populists ?

Answer 3

-wanted peasantry reforms so that revolution could occur
-End of autocracy

Question 4

What was ‘Land and Liberty’ ?

Answer 4

• Ideology = populism , Agraria socialism , anarchism
  -Movement = narodniks

Question 5

What were the two groups formed from ‘land and Liberty’ ?

Answer 5

• Black Reparation
  -People’s will

Question 6

What was the ‘Black Reparations’ group ?

Answer 6

• Violent group
  -Ideology = Narodism, Social democracy,
  -Movement - Narodniks
• Leader = Georgi Plekhanov

Question 7

What was the ‘People’s will’ group ?

Answer 7

-resorted to terrorism
- Mainly nobles children wanting revolution starting from Peasants
-Ideology = Narodism, Agrarian , Revolution
-Movement = Narodniks
-1879-1887

Question 8

Who were the moderates ?

Answer 8

• Alexander Herzen
  -Petr Lavrov
  -Dmitri Pisarev

Question 9

What does the term Narodniks mean ?

Answer 9

Populist

Question 10

Who created “to the people” ?

Answer 10

Alexander Herzen

Question 11

Who created “what is to be done” ?

Answer 11

Nikolai Chernyshevski

Question 12

Who did Alexander II bring in as his two reactionaries due to assassination attempts in 1870 ?

Answer 12

-Count Peter Shuvalov
-Count Dimitri Tolstoy

Question 13

What were the reasons for opposition and his assassination ?

Answer 13

-Result of his failure to set up institutions of civil society
-No other way to remove him because he was an autocrat

Question 14

Who was Petr Lavrov ?

Answer 14

-A Moderate
-Direct opposition to Bakunin
-Stressed the need to educate peasants
-Favoured propaganda

Question 15

Who was Alexander Herzen ?

Answer 15

-Opposition to violent change
-advocated for education as he believed it was a means of achieving a social revolution

Question 16

Who was Dmitri Pisarev ?

Answer 16

-Regarded the notion of peasant revolution as premature
-Urged development of intellectual elite in order to provide leadership for revolution
-Nihlist