Opposers of Nicholas II Flashcards
What did the Populists believe
Argued that peasants should take lead in transforming Russian and overthrow the tsarist system itself
When did Populism started?
Dated from the 1870’s
Where were Populist leaders from?
From middle and upper class
What did the leaders regard their duty as?
educating uninformed peasantry into an awareness of their revolutionary role
How did they try educate the peasantry?
‘Going to the people’ - populist go countryside to live for a period in attempt to turn peasants into revolutionaries
Were they able to educate the peasantry?
regarded the students as airy-fairy thinkers who had no knowledge of real life
As a result of their lack of support?
Populists turned to terrorism
1879 ‘The Peoples Will’ declared intention of murdering members of the ruling class
What did The Peoples will achieve?
group was 400
assassinated Alexander II blown by bomb
Result of death of Tsar Nicholas II
Nicholas II who initiated many reforms now killed seemed to discredit the idea of reform itself and justified repression
What are the SRs?
Social Revolutionary Party - Grew from Populist movement
Following the ‘Great Spurt’ Interest grew in political and social issues
SR’s Intention
Widen the ‘people’ Include everyone who wants end of Tsardom not just peasants.
Who was the SR’s important figure?
Victor Chernov leader of SR’s 1901
member of the intelligentsia, sought to provide a firmer base of populism
What did Leon Trotsky describe?
Left social revolutionaries = Anarchists, terrorism inherited from the ‘Peoples Will’)
Right social revolutionaries = moderate, willing to co-operate with other parties for immediate improvement of conditions of workers and peasants
What did the terrorist fraction achieve?
Between 1901 and 1905, left faction dominated, SR’s were responsible for over 2000 political eliminations (even killed Vyacheslav Plehve, interior minister
Which faction did the 1905 assist help
- More gains to liberal than revolutionaries
- gained more influence over party policy
What happened in the first conference of 1906
At first congress in 1906 committed to ‘revolutionary Socialism’
would end ‘ private ownership by returning the land to those who worked it’
Who are the Social Democrats?
Came into being 1898, achieve revolution by following ideas of Karl Marx
First Marxist revolutionary was George Plekhanov
What did the SD’s believe and their methods
followed the idea that:
‘the critical determinant of human behaviour was class struggle’
revolution directed on industrial working class
Who was Karl Marx?
Created the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1848)
What impact the industrial revolution was having in different classes especially working class
What are the 10 points of the communist manifesto?
- Abolition of private property in land
+ Tax - depends on amount of $ made - abolition of all rights of inheritance
- confiscation of the property of rebels
- centralisation of money - money controlled by gov
What was Karl Marx’s five stages of history
1) primitive communism - everyone equal
2) Slavery, large exploitation, pharaohs
3) Feudalism, noble live well by exploit peasants
Bourgeois revolution - seize power from king
4) Capitalism - exploit industrial workers
Proletarian revolution - workers rebel
5) The workers state - no exploitation equal
