Opposers of Nicholas II

Question 1

What did the Populists believe

Answer 1

Argued that peasants should take lead in transforming Russian and overthrow the tsarist system itself

Question 2

When did Populism started?

Answer 2

Dated from the 1870’s

Question 3

Where were Populist leaders from?

Answer 3

From middle and upper class

Question 4

What did the leaders regard their duty as?

Answer 4

educating uninformed peasantry into an awareness of their revolutionary role

Question 5

How did they try educate the peasantry?

Answer 5

‘Going to the people’ - populist go countryside to live for a period in attempt to turn peasants into revolutionaries

Question 6

Were they able to educate the peasantry?

Answer 6

regarded the students as airy-fairy thinkers who had no knowledge of real life

Question 7

As a result of their lack of support?

Answer 7

Populists turned to terrorism
1879 ‘The Peoples Will’ declared intention of murdering members of the ruling class

Question 8

What did The Peoples will achieve?

Answer 8

group was 400
assassinated Alexander II blown by bomb

Question 9

Result of death of Tsar Nicholas II

Answer 9

Nicholas II who initiated many reforms now killed seemed to discredit the idea of reform itself and justified repression

Question 10

What are the SRs?

Answer 10

Social Revolutionary Party - Grew from Populist movement
Following the ‘Great Spurt’ Interest grew in political and social issues

Question 11

SR’s Intention

Answer 11

Widen the ‘people’ Include everyone who wants end of Tsardom not just peasants.

Question 12

Who was the SR’s important figure?

Answer 12

Victor Chernov leader of SR’s 1901
member of the intelligentsia, sought to provide a firmer base of populism

Question 13

What did Leon Trotsky describe?

Answer 13

Left social revolutionaries = Anarchists, terrorism inherited from the ‘Peoples Will’)
Right social revolutionaries = moderate, willing to co-operate with other parties for immediate improvement of conditions of workers and peasants

Question 14

What did the terrorist fraction achieve?

Answer 14

Between 1901 and 1905, left faction dominated, SR’s were responsible for over 2000 political eliminations (even killed Vyacheslav Plehve, interior minister

Question 15

Which faction did the 1905 assist help

Answer 15

• More gains to liberal than revolutionaries
• gained more influence over party policy

Question 16

What happened in the first conference of 1906

Answer 16

At first congress in 1906 committed to ‘revolutionary Socialism’
would end ‘ private ownership by returning the land to those who worked it’

Question 17

Who are the Social Democrats?

Answer 17

Came into being 1898, achieve revolution by following ideas of Karl Marx
First Marxist revolutionary was George Plekhanov

Question 18

What did the SD’s believe and their methods

Answer 18

followed the idea that:
‘the critical determinant of human behaviour was class struggle’
revolution directed on industrial working class

Question 19

Who was Karl Marx?

Answer 19

Created the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1848)
What impact the industrial revolution was having in different classes especially working class

Question 20

What are the 10 points of the communist manifesto?

Answer 20

• Abolition of private property in land
  + Tax - depends on amount of $ made
• abolition of all rights of inheritance
• confiscation of the property of rebels
• centralisation of money - money controlled by gov

Question 21

What was Karl Marx’s five stages of history

Answer 21

1) primitive communism - everyone equal
2) Slavery, large exploitation, pharaohs
3) Feudalism, noble live well by exploit peasants
Bourgeois revolution - seize power from king
4) Capitalism - exploit industrial workers
Proletarian revolution - workers rebel
5) The workers state - no exploitation equal