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OPP Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia components

A

GAGs
glucosamine
hyaluronic acid
chondroitin sulfate

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2
Q

more GAGS

Less GAGS

A

more water binds=more flexible

less water binds=tightness (aging)

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3
Q

tension on fibroblast

A

becomes a myocyte

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4
Q

majority of propiriception

A

in fascial sheaths

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5
Q

CT functions

A

metabolic, stores E, forms scar tissue

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6
Q

wolffs law

A

bones (and soft tissue) tend to deform along the lines of force placed on them.

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7
Q

hookes law

A

any strain/deformation placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress placed on it. (shin spilnts)

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8
Q

newtons thrid law

A

when 2 bodies interact, the force exerted by the first on the second is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second body on the first body.

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9
Q

pascals law

A

pressure applied to a liquid at rest from any point is transmitted equally in all directions.

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10
Q

MFR releases E in form of

A

heat, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric (bioelectric) changes.

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11
Q

stress and strain

A 
Stress = the force applied to deform a structure
Strain = the resulting deformation
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12
Q

pain is localized

A

at loose sites as muscles are usually weak and inhibited and then Tight areas are frequently tethered (the joint above and below the laxity are tight)

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13
Q

What has to be involved in creating a tethered or lax site

A

Hooke’s Law: any strain/deformation placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress placed on it.

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14
Q

piezoelectric model

What accounts for the change in energy content

A

Mechanical tension creates bioelectric current changes that guide the orientation of fibrin and collagen. (scar tension lines)

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15
Q

piezoelctricity

A

Piezoelectricity is current that is produce by the transformation of mechanical stress to electrical energy.

Piezoelectric substances act as transducers and are able to discharge electrical current when physically stressed.

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16
Q

what does a neg charge stimulate?

Positive charge?

A

neg=osteoblasts=healing

pos= osteoclasts

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17
Q

goals of MFR

A

Normalizes ROM across a joint

All of these improve type and arrangement of collagen deposition

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18
Q

MFR relative CI

A 
Fractures
 open wounds, 
acute thermal injury
soft tissue or bony infections
deep venous thrombosis (threat of embolism) 
disseminated or focal neoplasm 
recent post-operative states over the site of proposed treatment (wound dehiscence)
 aortic aneurysm
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19
Q

how much physical activity

A

a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate- intensity (Walking 1.5-2.0 miles in 30 minutes) aerobic activity 5 days per week

or a minimum of 20 minutes of vigorous- intensity aerobic activity 3 days per week

or a combination of moderate and vigorous exercise 3-5 days per week

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20
Q

how much resistence training

A

2-3 days per week

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21
Q

how much flexibility

A

2-3 days a week

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22
Q

fnxn fitness (yoga)

A

2-3 days per week

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23
Q

if you dont exercise

A

you smoke

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24
Q

examples of moderate ex

A

Cycling

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25
how many servings of fruit and veggoes for adults and children
9 (.5 cup servings) for adults | 5 (childs palms) for children
26
best oils
olive and canola
27
water intake for 8 year old 9-18yo and 19+
4-5 cups 7-11 cups 9-13cups
28
water tx
4 cups a day and increase 1 cup every 2 days
29
sleep children | adults
10-12 7-8 ca-mg
30
no ergogemnic effect
Protein supplements Vitamin C Chromium DHEA
31
lymph technique
move prox to distal (central to perif) Thoracic inlet, respitory diaphragm (extrinsic pump), and pelvic diaphragm to get everything below the pelvis (LE), then axillary and popliteal fossa if they need it Then do your other pumps (liver, spleen, thoracic pumps) recheck perif to central
32
major lymph pump
resp diaphram the thoracic inlet
33
lymph absolute CI
``` Aneuresis if not on dialysis Necrotizing fasciitis (in area involved) ```
34
lymph relative CI
Osseous fracture or crushed tissue Bacterial infections with risk of dissemination Chronic infections with risk of reactivation (abscess, chronic osteomyelitis) Diseased organ (treating thyroid in presence of hyperthyroidism) Pregnancy (uterus/deep abdominal work) Circulatory disorders (venous obstructions, embolism, hemorrhage) Coagulopathies; patients on anticoagulants Unstable cardiac conditions CHF (Caution should be used to avoid mobilizing and returning an overwhelming amount of fluid to a compromised heart) COPD (thoracic pump with activation due to increased residual volume post treatment) Cancer (immune system activation vs. lymphatic spread)
35
hip and ankle rotations
are opposite
36
ex rot of hip=what for femur head | int rot?
ex=head of femur glides ant | int=head moves post
37
hip flexers
iliopsoas (L123)
38
hip extensors
glut max (52 inf)
39
hip abductors
glut med (51 sup)
40
hip adductors
adductor longus (obturator n)
41
hip internal rot
``` *first to go glut min (sup 51) ```
42
hip external rot
piriformis (S12)
43
most common hip dysfnxn
decreased extension DT psoas and also *decreased interal rot bc of piriformis tightness (usually first motion lost)
44
acetabular labrum 2 fnxns
hip stability and proprioception
45
labrum injury signs
sharp ant thigh pain and worsens when rising from seated position and clicking nonresponsive to conservatve tx
46
gliding of knee int rot external rot
int=posterolateral gliding of tib on femur ext=with anteromedial gliding of tib on femur
47
menisci outer 1/3 inner 1/3
outer=vascular=healing inner=avascular=nonhealing
48
knee flexors
``` biceps fem (52) post knee pain ```
49
knee extensors
``` rectus fem (fem n) ant knee pain ```
50
fib head and lat malleolus are opposite
ant fib head=post lat mal post fib head=ant lat mal could contribute to foot drop bc pinch common fib n
51
fib head restriction DT
hamstring strain and LCL bc they attach to it (maybe a lat meniscus also)
52
sympathetic levels for LL
T10-L3 can increase sympathetic tone to the lower extremity and reduce arterial supply = impaired healing and increase lymphatic contraction=less flow
53
muscle spindle
length and rate of change
54
gamma gain
the muscles will be recalibrated at a shorter length causing hypertonicity=SD
55
MET
most commonly isometric
56
MET absolute CI
none
57
MET relative CI
Infection, hematoma, tear in involved muscle Fracture or dislocation of involved joint Rheumatologic conditions causing instability of the cervical spine Undiagnosed joint swelling of involved joint Positioning that compromises vasculature Patient with low vitality (i.e. Post-AMI) bc may stimulate the SNS and muscle contraction may increase the work load on the heart
58
``` when should you use isometric concentric eccentric isokinetic isolytic ```
isometric=hypertonic concentric-hypotonic eccentric-fibrosis isokinetic-water aerobics (joints in multiple planes) isolytic (forced lengthening)-shotened fibrotic mm (adesions)
59
ankle is most stable in...
DF
60
how does the talus glide in DF and PF
DF=post glide of talus | PF=ant glide of talus
61
pronation of the foot
Eversion + Dorsiflexion + ABduction (calcaneus & toes)
62
supination of the foot
Inversion + Plantar flexion + ADduction (calcaneus and toes)
63
longitudinal arches | lateral and med
lat=weight bearing and elastic; Built to transmit weight & thrust to the ground med=more mobile and changes to adapt to the terrain (gait) mm don't contribute to this arch
64
dropped medial arch
Caused by ABduction of foot and a valgus calcaneus & dorsiflexion of the ankle=extreme pronation
65
transverse arch | tarsal arch
flat feet
66
hammer toes
ext-flex-ext
67
claw toes
ext-flex-flex
68
grade 1 sprain (no NSAIDs) grade 2 sprain (no NSAIDs) grade 3 sprain
1- no laxity (PRICE) 2-partial tear-limp, laxity with firm (good) end point (PRICE) 3-complete tear, no stability, no end point (PRICES)
69
ottawa ankle rules
Do not use in patients under the age of 18!!!!
70
ant drawer for ankle
tests ATF (talus moves forward)
71
talar tilt
invert heel=ATF and calcaneofib ligs are torn
72
ankle inversion effects
ankle inverts lat mal ant=fib head post tib ext rot=femur int rot and L5 rot opposite of ankle sprained (L5RL with R ankel sprain)
73
HVLA absolute CI
``` Upper cervical Rheumatoid arthritis Down syndrome Achondroplastic dwarfism Chiari malformation Fracture / dislocation / spinal or joint instability Ankylosis / Spondylosis with fusion Surgical fusion Klippel-Feil syndrome Vertebrobasilar insufficiency Inflammatory joint disease Joint infection Bony malignancy ```
74
HVLA relative CI
``` Acute herniated nucleus pulposus Acute radiculopathy Acute whiplash / severe muscle spasm / strain/sprain Osteopenia / Osteoporosis Spondylolisthesis Metabolic bone disease Hypermobility syndromes ```
75
ant talus dx
(posterior tibia on talus) | Talus Plantar flexed with Anterior Glide
76
post talus dx
Anterior tibia on talus | Talus Dorsiflexed with Posterior Glide
77
neutral | flex and ext
facets are not engaged facets are engaged (flex=open ext=closed)
78
fryetes 3rd
When motion occurs in any one plane within a joint, the motion in all other planes of that joint will be influenced
79
muscular SD
Muscular Restriction Longer paraspinal muscles maintain Type I dysfunctions Often postural compensation/chronic process Short paraspinal muscles maintain Type II dysfunctions Often acute process
80
type 1
groups chronic maintained by long paraspinals (Erector Spinae)
81
type 2
single acute maintained by short paraspinals (Transversospinal group)
82
type 2 flexion SD
When this segment is extended or returned to neutral, one facet will remain open while the other closes This segment will rotate and sidebend toward the facet that closes Because both facets are still able to open, the segment returns to symmetry in flexion With OMT treatment you are trying to close the stuck open facet
83
type 2 extension SD
One facet is unable to open completely (stuck closed) When this segment is flexed or returned to neutral, one facet will open, but the other remains closed Rotation and sidebending will occur toward the facet that remains closed upon flexion This segment returns to symmetry upon extension when both facets are closed With OMT treatment, you are trying to open the closed facet
84
paraspinal fullness/elevation
rotation is to this side
85
Rule of threes spinous process in relation to transverse process
1-3 and 12=same level 4-6 and 11=1/2in lower 7-10= 1inch lower
86
``` landmarks are the spinous process sup scap border scap spine scap angle iliac crest ```
super scap border=T2 scap spine=T3 scap angle=T7 (but body and transverse process of T8) iliac crest=L4
87
rot SB flex and ext
rot=vert axis in transverse plane SB=A-P axis in coronal plane flex and ext=transverse axis in saggital plane
88
clicking=? locking=? instability=?
click=labrum lock=meniscus instability=ligament
89
``` born banner osteopathy coined ASO Vermont flexner califfornia when to when military missisippi ```
``` born 1828 banner 1874 osteopathy coined 1889 ASO 1892 vermont 1896 flexner 1910 california 1962-74 military 1966 mississippi 1973 ```
90
return to play criteria
full painless ROM | 90% strength compared to other side
91
PRICE
``` Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation ```

OPP (2 decks)

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