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Clinical Pharmacology > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Where does opium come from?

A

Poppy

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2
Q

What is an opiate?

A

Natural
Alkaloids found in opium
Morphine, codeine

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3
Q

What are semi synthetic opioids?

A

Derivatives of natural opiates
Heroin, oxycodone

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4
Q

What are the SE of morphine?

A

Analgesia
Nausea and vomiting
Respiratory depression
Euphoria

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5
Q

How is morphine metabolised?

A

glucoronidation

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6
Q

What are the three major opioid receptor sites?

A

*Mu
*delta
*kappa

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7
Q

What are endogenous opioids?

A

Peptides produced by body which have morphine-like properties

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8
Q

What are exogenous opioids?

A

*administered drugs
*bind to opioid receptors to produce analgesia

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9
Q

Activation of which opioid receptor causes euphoria?

A

Mu

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10
Q

Activation of which receptor causes dependence?

A

Mu

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11
Q

Activation of which receptor causes hallucinations?

A

Kappa

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12
Q

What are side effects of opioids?

A

CNS- euphoria, sedation, seizure
Constipation
Urinary retention
Nausea and vomiting

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13
Q

What are severe side effects of opioids?

A

Respiratory depression
Psychosocial dependence

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14
Q

After how long does peak analgesia occur for opioids?

A

Oral MR- 2-4 hours
Oral normal- 30-60mins
Rectal- 30-60mins
IV- 5-20mins FASTEST

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15
Q

What are examples of weak opioid analgesics?

A

Codeine-30-60mg 4hrly
Dihydrocodeine- 30mg 4hrly- stronger
Both too constipating for long term use

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16
Q

What is an example of compound analgesic?

A

Co-codamol 8/500- low dose product
Co-codamol 30/500- full dose
Both drugs must be increased at same time
USE LAXATIVE PROPHYLCTIVELY

17
Q

When can codeine products be used in kids?

A

12 and above only if analgesia not achieved by paracetamol and ibuprofen

18
Q

When should codeine not be used in kids over 12?

A

18 and under- who undergo surgery for removal of tonsils or adenoids to treat sleep apnoea
- patients more susceptible to respiratory issues

Clinical Pharmacology (26 decks)

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