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pharmacology NS > Opioid_Flashcards (1) > Flashcards

Opioid_Flashcards (1)

1
Q

What are opioids used to treat?

A

Moderate to severe pain

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2
Q

What type of receptors are opioid receptors?

A

Inhibitory GPCR

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3
Q

What is the MOA of opioids?

A

Activate Gαi → inhibit cells via hyperpolarization, cAMP, inhibit Ca+2 and Na+, activate K+ channels

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4
Q

Who discovered opioid receptors and in what year?

A

Pert and Snyder, 1973

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5
Q

What is naloxone’s mechanism of action?

A

Opioid antagonist; blocks opioid effects by binding to receptors

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6
Q

Which endogenous compound binds Mu receptors?

A

Endorphins

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7
Q

What are the effects of Mu receptor activation?

A

Analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression

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8
Q

Which endogenous compound binds Kappa receptors?

A

Dynorphins

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9
Q

What are the effects of Kappa receptor activation?

A

Sedation, dysphoria, analgesia, may cause psychosis

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10
Q

Which endogenous compound binds Delta receptors?

A

Enkephalins

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11
Q

What side effect is associated with Delta receptor agonists?

A

Seizures

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12
Q

Name two natural opioids.

A

Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine

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13
Q

Name a semisynthetic opioid.

A

Heroin

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14
Q

Name two synthetic opioids.

A

Meperidine, Methadone, Fentanyl, Pentazocine

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15
Q

What is the main indication for morphine?

A

Analgesia for nociceptive pain

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16
Q

Which opioid is preferred as an antitussive?

A

Codeine > Morphine

17
Q

What is a sign of opioid toxicity?

A

Bilateral pinpoint pupils

18
Q

Which opioid is best for treating diarrhea?

A

Loperamide

19
Q

Why is morphine contraindicated in head injuries?

A

 ICP and interferes with neurological assessments

20
Q

What opioid is preferred during labor and delivery?

A

Meperidine

21
Q

What opioid treats opioid dependence?

A

Methadone; Buprenorphine

22
Q

Which opioid is used in anesthesia?

A

Fentanyl

23
Q

Which drug is the DOC for opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

24
Q

What is the main side effect of high doses of morphine?

A

Respiratory depression

25
Q

Which opioid is less addictive and doesn’t cause miosis?

A

Meperidine

26
Q

What is the duration of action of methadone?

A

About 2 days

27
Q

Which opioid has a short half-life and is a nasal spray?

A

Naloxone

28
Q

What is the effect of combining naloxone with buprenorphine?

A

Prevents IV abuse; naloxone blocks receptor causing withdrawal

29
Q

What mixed MOA does tramadol have?

A

Mu receptor agonist, SNRI

30
Q

Which opioids are used for cough suppression?

A

Codeine, Dextromethorphan

31
Q

Which opioids are used for antidiarrheal?

A

Diphenoxylate, Loperamide

32
Q

Which opioid treats acute pulmonary edema?

A

Morphine

33
Q

Which opioid is a biased agonist?

A

Oliceridine

pharmacology NS (2 decks)

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