opic 6

Question 1

role of national and international organizations in reducing the emissions of ozone-depleting substances (eg. the Montreal Protocol)

Answer 1

MONTREAL PROTOCOL

-international agreement made in 1987 to REDUCE emission of ODS
-signers agreed to FREEZE CFC PRODUCTION AND HALONS, + STRONGLY REDUCE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
-China and India did not sign
-was very effective, ozone hole recovered
-example of successful international cooperation

Question 2

pollution management strategies for reducing photochemical smog.

Question 3

Pollution management strategies for acid deposition (list 3) AND EVALUATION

Answer 3

-ALTERING HUMAN ACTIVITY (reducing use or using alternatives to fossil fuels; lobbying results in international agreements and national governments to reduce pollutant production)

-CONTROLLING RELEASE (regulating and monitoring release of pollutants, e.g., through scrubbers or catalytic converters to remove sulfure doixide from cars)

-CLEAN-UP AND RESTORATION (spreading limestone in acidified lakes; repair and restoration of damaged limestone buildings)

Question 4

Pollution management strategies for air pollution

Answer 4

-ALTERING HUMAN BEHAVIOUR (consume less fossil fuels through energy efficient technologies or walking)

-CONTROLLING RELEASE OF POLLUTANT (regulating and reducing pollutants at point of emission through government regulation; regulation of fuel quality by governments)

-CLEAN-UP AND RESTORATION (reforestation, regreening and conservation areas to sequester co2)

EVALUATION:
-urban pollution cars the most
-cataclytic voncertors reduce fuel effciency
-public transport expensive inconvenient
-sustainable urban design expensive

SPECIFIC EXAMPLES P138 OF 191 IN PAPACAMBRIDGE

Question 5

Pollution management strategy for ODS (list 3) and evaluation

Answer 5

-ALTERING HUMAN ACTIVITY (recycling refrigerants; changing consumer behaviour)

-CLEAN-UP AND RESTORATION (only time will renew the ozone layer once the ODSs break down)

-CONTROLLING RELEASE (developing alternatives to gas blown plastics, aerosols, etc; international legislations like the Montreal Protocol)

EVALUATION:

Question 6

specific examples of alteration of human activity to manage ODS

Answer 6

-fridges with ODS refrigeration can be replaced with tech that uses propane or butane

-pump-action sprays instead of aerosols

-aerosol alternatives (e.g., soap instead of shaving cream)

-organic pest control to replace methyl bromide

-recycling old CFC coolants in fridges and air conditioning units

Question 7

unep

Answer 7

unep has a key role in providing information, and creating and evaluating international agreeements for the protection of statospheric ozone . in 1987 unep brought together 24 countries to sign the intial montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer
now 197 have signed the protocol
production of ods fell from 1.8 million tonnes in 1987 to 45000 tonnes in 2010
unep hopes to end production of hcfcs by 2040

Question 8

case study of city impacted by photochemical smog

Answer 8

-mexico city
-reasons for high levels of smog
-impacts on ecosystems nad societies
-3 pollution management strats