Ophthamology Flashcards
viral conjunctivitis
- px: bilateral, watery discharge, itchy, preauricular adenopathy
- easily transmissible
- normal vision
-tx: none
bacterial conjunctivitis
- px: unilateral, purulent discharge
- normal vision, not itchy, no adenopathy
-tx: topical antibiotics (higher than oral doses)
red eye causes
conjunctivitis
uveitis
conjunctivitis
- px: discharge, normal pupils
- dx: clinical
- tx: topical antibiotics
uveitis
- px: photophobia (bc iris has to dilate/constrict)
- dx: slit lamp exam
- tx: topical steroids
glaucoma
- px: pain, fixed midpoint pupil
- dx: tonometry
- tx: acetazolamide (dec vitreous production), mannitol (osmotic diuretic), pilocarpine (contricts pupil), beta blockers, laser trabeculopasty
abrasion
- px: feels like sand in eyes
- dx: fluorescein stain
- tx: no specific tx, patch
chronic glaucoma
- asymptomatic
- dx by screening
- elevated intraocular pressure
glaucoma tx
- prostaglandin analogues: inc drainage (lantanaprost, travoprost, bimatoprost)
- beta blockers: inc drainage & dec production (timolol, metipranolol, betaxolol)
- topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: dec humor production (dorzolamide, brinzolamide)
- alpha 2 agonist: opens canal of Schlomm
- pilocarpine: inc drainage
- laser: burn through iris to inc drainage
acute angle glaucoma
- sudden onset
- extremely painful
- dark room makes it WORSE
- pupil can’t react to light
- hazy cornea
-tx: IV acetazolamide, OV mannitol, pilocarpin, laser
herpes keratitis
= infection of cornea
- red eye, swollen
- DON’T USE STEROIDS
-dx: flourescien stain
-tx: acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
trifuridine, idoxuridine
cataracts tx
surgery (remove lens and replace with new one)
diabetic retinopathy
-need annual screening exam
DB retinopathy nonproliferative tx
glucose control
DB retinopathy proliferative tx
=neovascularization
- laser photocoagulation
- VEGF-inhibitors
- vitrealotomy
retinal artery occlusion px
- sudden
- monocular visual loss
- pale eye, but macula appears dark (CHERRY RED macula)
- tx: 100% O2, acetazolamide, thrombolytics
retinal vein occlusion px
-blood gets in, but can’t get out (very red)
retinal detachment
-cause: trauma, extreme myopia, DB retinopathy
- px: sudden onset, painless, unilateral loss of vision
- “curtain coming down”
retinal detachment tx
-surgery, laser, cryotherapy to push retina to reattach to globe
macular degeneration
- most common cause of blindness in USA
- idiopathic
- atrophic (dry) vs neovascular (wet)
- bilateral, normal external appearance, central vision loss
- older patients
macular degeneration tx
- for neovascular (wet) type:
- VEGF-inhibitors: ranibizumab or bevacizumab
