Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Methods BLOCK 3 > Ophthalmoscopy > Flashcards

Ophthalmoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Types of ophthalmoscopy

A
  • direct

- indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Direct ophthalmoscopy

A
  • hand held instrument providing magnified monocular view inside eye
  • limited FOV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

A
  • monocular indirect (MIO)

- binocular indirect (BIO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Monocular indirect (MIO)

A
  • better FOV than direct (works well with smaller pupils)

- less magnification than direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy

A
  • allows wide field of view and stereoscopic fundus evaluation
  • best used with dilated pupil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The use of lenses in conjunction with a biomicorscope (slit lamp) to view the fundus

A

Fundus biomicroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of lenses used in fundus biomicroscopy

A
  • Hruby lens
  • fundus contact lenses
  • non-contact condensing lenses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dilation

A
  • Pharmacological enlargement of pupil via eye drops
  • allows much better view into the eye
  • integral part of any truly comprehensive eye care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Some patients/practices resistance to dilation

A

-many patients simply don’t understand the advantages
-perceived disadvantages
Blurred vision (unable to drive)
Light sensitivity (discomfort)
Long-duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Advantages to direct ophthalmoscopy

A
  • easier to do than BIO or fundus biomicroscopy
  • provides good magnification
  • ability to adjust focus (corean to retina)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disadvantages to direct ophthalmoscopy

A
  • limited FOV
  • does not allow stereoscopic viewing (no depth perception)
  • relatively dimmer image limits resolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical procedure for direct ophthalmoscopy

A
  • pt seated just below eye level
  • room dimmed
  • pt looks at large distant target
  • stand to side of eye to be examined
  • ophthalmoscope help in same hand as eye to be examined
  • using spot beam, look through scope from about 40 cm in front of patient (just temporal to their line of sight) and focus on iris
  • observe retinal reflexes, looking for media opacities
  • slowly move closer to pts eye while adjusting focus until fundus structures come into clear view
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Direct ophthalmoscopy clinical procedure after you have discovered fundus structures

A
  • locate ONH
  • examine disc noting its appearance
  • examine the area adjacent to the disc
  • examine the area further out into all quadrants
  • lastly, move into line of sight to examine macula
  • switch sides (hands) and repeat on other eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What to record for the ONH

A
  • c/d ratio
  • rim color
  • margins
  • spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What to record for blood vessels

A

Arteriovenous (AV) ratio and any AV crossing changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What to record for macula

A
  • save it for last because its sensitive

- does it have homogenous color? A fovea reflex?

17
Q

What is the starting point in ophthalmoscopy?

A

ONH

18
Q

How do you record cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio:

A
  • The ratio of optic nerve cup diameter to total optic nerve diameter
  • recorded as a decimal for both horizontal and vertical dimensions, with horizontal first: H/V
19
Q

Cup shape

A

Can be oval (different horizontal and vertical dimensions) and may be decentered

20
Q

Optic nerve rim color

A

Normal is pinkish, well profused

Abnormal would be pallor and lack of blood flow

21
Q

Optic nerve margins

A

Normal=distinct

Abnormal=unsure of where the edge is

22
Q

Spontaneous venous pulsation

A

Normal but not always able to be seen

-vein going into nerve sometimes you can see it pulse with the heart rate

23
Q

Blood vessel observations

A

AV ratio

AV crossing changes

24
Q

AV ratio

A

Arterial/venule

25
Q

Smaller lighter vessels

A

Arterial

26
Q

Darker vessels

A

Veins

27
Q

AV crossing changes

A
  • arteriole usually goes overtop venules

- in atherosclerosis, arterial hardens and will press and pinch the venule down

28
Q

Which vessel usually lies on top when there is AV crossing?

A

Arteriole

29
Q

Macula observations

A

Record presence or absence of fovea reflex

30
Q

Is direct ophthalmoscopy sufficient as a single or stand alone procedure for ocular fundus examination

A

No

31
Q

What is direct ophthalmoscopy supplanted by?

A

Stereoscopic ophthalmoscopy (BIO) and biomicroscopy for comprehensive fundus eval

32
Q

Why is direct ophthalmoscope important?

A

Its the easiest method of fundus evaluation to learn, and may be used to supplement other procedures

Methods BLOCK 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions