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FS Lectures > Ophthalmology: Structure and Function of the Visual Pathway > Flashcards

Ophthalmology: Structure and Function of the Visual Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the Tear Film

A

Oil layer (meibomian glands)

Water layer

Mucous layer (corneal & conjunctival epithelium)

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2
Q

Layers of the Cornea

A
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3
Q

Only tissue never to develop cancer

A

Lens

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4
Q

25% of the focus power of the eye

A

Lens

Accommodates to allow near vision focus

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5
Q

Vitreous

A

Jelly-like clear medium at posterior eye

Liquifies/condenses with age

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6
Q

Contains 120 million rods and 6 million cones

A

Retina

Note: fovea is the center of vision (where cones are densest)

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7
Q

Supplies oxygen for outer 1/3 of retina

A

Choroid

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8
Q

Diseases of the optic n always respect the…??

A

Horizontal

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9
Q
A

Optic Neuropathy with Visual Field

Note: respects the horizontal

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10
Q
A

Likely CNS lesion (Right)

Visual Pathway dissections respect the vertical (optic n = horizontal)

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11
Q

CN 3 (Oculomotor) Palsy causes

A

Exotropia (and ptosis)

Note: CN 3 controls ciliary muscle, medial/superior/inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator (also supplies paraympathetics to iris and ciliary body)

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12
Q

Which nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

CN 4 (Trochlear)

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13
Q

CN 4 Palsy causes?

A

Hypertropia

Note: CN 4 controls superior oblique (trochlea “pulley” that depresses and intorts the eye)

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14
Q

CN 6 (Abducens) Palsy causes?

A

Esotropia

Note: CN 6 controls lateral rectus

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15
Q

Cardinal Fields of Gaze

A
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16
Q

Double vision in a pt >1

A

Brain tumor until ruled out by NCHCT

17
Q

Sphincter of the eyelid

A

CN VII (closes eye)

18
Q

CN 7 (Facial) Palsy causes?

A

aka Bell’s Palsy

Inability to close eyelid, eyebrow droop, hemifacial laxity

19
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathetic/Adrenergic

Dilates pupil

20
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Parasympathetic/Cholinergic

Constrics pupil and accomodates lens

21
Q

Atropine/Cyclopentalate/Tropicamide

A

Anti-cholinergics

Dilate pupil

FS Lectures (9 decks)

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