Ophthalmology: Structure and Function of the Visual Pathway Flashcards
Layers of the Tear Film
Oil layer (meibomian glands)
Water layer
Mucous layer (corneal & conjunctival epithelium)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/283/106/686/a_image_thumb.png?1565564244)
Layers of the Cornea
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/473/991/a_image_thumb.png?1565564335)
Only tissue never to develop cancer
Lens
25% of the focus power of the eye
Lens
Accommodates to allow near vision focus
Vitreous
Jelly-like clear medium at posterior eye
Liquifies/condenses with age
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/143/a_image_thumb.png?1565564511)
Contains 120 million rods and 6 million cones
Retina
Note: fovea is the center of vision (where cones are densest)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/369/a_image_thumb.png?1565564986)
Supplies oxygen for outer 1/3 of retina
Choroid
Diseases of the optic n always respect the…??
Horizontal
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/283/105/564/a_image_thumb.png?1565565038)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/460/q_image_thumb.png?1565565083)
Optic Neuropathy with Visual Field
Note: respects the horizontal
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/536/q_image_thumb.png?1565565404)
Likely CNS lesion (Right)
Visual Pathway dissections respect the vertical (optic n = horizontal)
CN 3 (Oculomotor) Palsy causes
Exotropia (and ptosis)
Note: CN 3 controls ciliary muscle, medial/superior/inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator (also supplies paraympathetics to iris and ciliary body)
Which nerve has the longest intracranial course?
CN 4 (Trochlear)
CN 4 Palsy causes?
Hypertropia
Note: CN 4 controls superior oblique (trochlea “pulley” that depresses and intorts the eye)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/663/a_image_thumb.png?1565565699)
CN 6 (Abducens) Palsy causes?
Esotropia
Note: CN 6 controls lateral rectus
Cardinal Fields of Gaze
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/284/474/634/a_image_thumb.png?1565565844)