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Surgery Clerkship > Ophthalmology , Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Ophthalmology , Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Ambliopia

A

Cortical blindness, happens in kids when they have a vision defect that isn’t corrected.

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2
Q

What pathologies cause ambliopia?

A

Strabismus, cataracts.

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3
Q

How to diagnose and treat ambliopia.

A

No tests, no treatment available

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4
Q

Strabismus pathogenesis and patient presentation?

A

Patient has a lazy eye

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5
Q

How to diagnose strabismus?

A

Reflect light on their pupils and check.

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6
Q

How to treat strabismus”

A

If present at birth, surgery to correct. If acquired, use glasses.

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7
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity pathogenesis?

A

Premature baby is given high FIO2, causes growths on retina

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8
Q

How to diagnose retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Clinical

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9
Q

How to treat retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Laser ablation of retinal lesions.

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10
Q

What conditions are frequently associated with retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage.

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11
Q

Retinoblastoma pathogenesis?

A

Rb gene, newborn

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12
Q

How to diagnose retinoblastoma?

A

No red reflex, pure white retina

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13
Q

How to treat retinoblastoma?

A

Surgery, DO NOT irradiate. Will cause second hit.

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14
Q

How to follow up retinoblastoma?

A

Watch out for osteosarcoma.

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15
Q

Congenital cataracts patient presentation

A

Cloudy white lesions in the front of the eye.

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16
Q

What causes congenital cataracts if they’ve been present from birth?

A

TORCHES infection

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17
Q

What causes congenital cataracts if not present at birth?

A

Galactase deficiency.

18
Q

How to treat congenital cataracts?

A

Surgery

19
Q

What causes chemical conjunctivitis at birth? When does it appear

A

Appears in less than 24 hours after birth. Caused by neomycin/erythromycin.

20
Q

When does newborn gonococcal conjunctivitis appear? How does it present?

A

Appears day 2-5 after birth. Presents with BILATERAL purulence

21
Q

How to treat gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

ceftriaxone

22
Q

Complication of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

Blindness

23
Q

When does newborn chlamydial conjunctivitis onset? How does it present?

A

Presents day 7-12 after birth with UNILATERAL purulence. Nothing appears on gram stain, must diagnose with PCR.

24
Q

How to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Erythromycin.

25
Q

Complication of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Pneumonia

26
Q

Most common cause of blindness?

A

Glaucoma

27
Q

How does a closed angle crisis occur?

A

Low light setting, pupil dilates, decreased flow out of anterior chamber, increased pressures causes pain, headache and rigid eyeball. Increased pressures also make sure pupils can’t constrict.

28
Q

How to diagnose glaucoma?

A

measure intraocular pressure. Increased

29
Q

How to treat glaucoma?

A

Constrict the pupil. Alpha agonist. Beta blockers. Laser drill hole

30
Q

What drug never to give glaucoma crisis patients?

A

ATROPINE

31
Q

(Peri) Orbital cellulitis patient presentation?

A

Inflammation in eye region with patient that can’t move eyes.

32
Q

How to diagnose orbital cellulitis?

A

CT scan

33
Q

How to treat orbital cellulitis?

A

I+D with antibiotics.

34
Q

Patient presentation/treatment of periorbital cellulitis?

A

Patient with inflammation near eye but can still move it. Give abx.

35
Q

How is retinal detachment caused?

A

Trauma from MVA or hypertension.

36
Q

Presentation of mild vs severe retinal detachment?

A

Mild retinal detachment patient will have floaters. Severe retinal detachment patient will have a curtain that comes in front, doesn’t come and go.

37
Q

How to diagnose retinal detachment?

A

opthalmoscope

38
Q

How to treat retinal detachment?

A

Laser spot weld.

39
Q

Amaurosis fugax (vs retinal detachment)

A

Retinal artery occlusion from embolus. Curtain that comes and goes!

40
Q

Retinal artery occlusion presentation

A

Painless unilateral los of vision with NO focal neuro deficits

41
Q

How to treat retinal artery occlusion

A

Hyperventilate CO2 (to dilate arteries), put pressure on globe, intraaarterial TPA if early.

42
Q

How to treat corneal abrasion

A

Irrigate a lot, then use florescin dye. Maybe do surgery.

Surgery Clerkship (11 decks)

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