Ophthalmology , Skin Cancer

Question 1

Ambliopia

Answer 1

Cortical blindness, happens in kids when they have a vision defect that isn’t corrected.

Question 2

What pathologies cause ambliopia?

Answer 2

Strabismus, cataracts.

Question 3

How to diagnose and treat ambliopia.

Answer 3

No tests, no treatment available

Question 4

Strabismus pathogenesis and patient presentation?

Answer 4

Patient has a lazy eye

Question 5

How to diagnose strabismus?

Answer 5

Reflect light on their pupils and check.

Question 6

How to treat strabismus”

Answer 6

If present at birth, surgery to correct. If acquired, use glasses.

Question 7

Retinopathy of prematurity pathogenesis?

Answer 7

Premature baby is given high FIO2, causes growths on retina

Question 8

How to diagnose retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 8

Clinical

Question 9

How to treat retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 9

Laser ablation of retinal lesions.

Question 10

What conditions are frequently associated with retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 10

Necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage.

Question 11

Retinoblastoma pathogenesis?

Answer 11

Rb gene, newborn

Question 12

How to diagnose retinoblastoma?

Answer 12

No red reflex, pure white retina

Question 13

How to treat retinoblastoma?

Answer 13

Surgery, DO NOT irradiate. Will cause second hit.

Question 14

How to follow up retinoblastoma?

Answer 14

Watch out for osteosarcoma.

Question 15

Congenital cataracts patient presentation

Answer 15

Cloudy white lesions in the front of the eye.

Question 16

What causes congenital cataracts if they’ve been present from birth?

Answer 16

TORCHES infection

Question 17

What causes congenital cataracts if not present at birth?

Answer 17

Galactase deficiency.

Question 18

How to treat congenital cataracts?

Answer 18

Surgery

Question 19

What causes chemical conjunctivitis at birth? When does it appear

Answer 19

Appears in less than 24 hours after birth. Caused by neomycin/erythromycin.

Question 20

When does newborn gonococcal conjunctivitis appear? How does it present?

Answer 20

Appears day 2-5 after birth. Presents with BILATERAL purulence

Question 21

How to treat gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 21

ceftriaxone

Question 22

Complication of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 22

Blindness

Question 23

When does newborn chlamydial conjunctivitis onset? How does it present?

Answer 23

Presents day 7-12 after birth with UNILATERAL purulence. Nothing appears on gram stain, must diagnose with PCR.

Question 24

How to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 24

Erythromycin.

Question 25

Complication of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 25

Pneumonia

Question 26

Most common cause of blindness?

Answer 26

Glaucoma

Question 27

How does a closed angle crisis occur?

Answer 27

Low light setting, pupil dilates, decreased flow out of anterior chamber, increased pressures causes pain, headache and rigid eyeball. Increased pressures also make sure pupils can't constrict.

Question 28

How to diagnose glaucoma?

Answer 28

measure intraocular pressure. Increased

Question 29

How to treat glaucoma?

Answer 29

Constrict the pupil. Alpha agonist. Beta blockers. Laser drill hole

Question 30

What drug never to give glaucoma crisis patients?

Answer 30

ATROPINE

Question 31

(Peri) Orbital cellulitis patient presentation?

Answer 31

Inflammation in eye region with patient that can't move eyes.

Question 32

How to diagnose orbital cellulitis?

Answer 32

CT scan

Question 33

How to treat orbital cellulitis?

Answer 33

I+D with antibiotics.

Question 34

Patient presentation/treatment of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 34

Patient with inflammation near eye but can still move it. Give abx.

Question 35

How is retinal detachment caused?

Answer 35

Trauma from MVA or hypertension.

Question 36

Presentation of mild vs severe retinal detachment?

Answer 36

Mild retinal detachment patient will have floaters. Severe retinal detachment patient will have a curtain that comes in front, doesn't come and go.

Question 37

How to diagnose retinal detachment?

Answer 37

opthalmoscope

Question 38

How to treat retinal detachment?

Answer 38

Laser spot weld.

Question 39

Amaurosis fugax (vs retinal detachment)

Answer 39

Retinal artery occlusion from embolus. Curtain that comes and goes!

Question 40

Retinal artery occlusion presentation

Answer 40

Painless unilateral los of vision with NO focal neuro deficits

Question 41

How to treat retinal artery occlusion

Answer 41

Hyperventilate CO2 (to dilate arteries), put pressure on globe, intraaarterial TPA if early.

Question 42

How to treat corneal abrasion

Answer 42

Irrigate a lot, then use florescin dye. Maybe do surgery.