Ophthalmology Intro Flashcards
Ophthalmology
-branch of medicine which deals with anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye
Ophthalmologist
-specialist in medical and surgical eye problems
- ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes
- surgical and medical specialists
- MDs/DOs
- college and medical degrees
- residency and internship training
- 4-5 years post-grad training in Ophthalmologist
- same residency and training required for both MDs and DOs
- undergo additional specialist training in one of the many subspecialties
- 1st Branch of medicine to offer board certification - now standard among all specialties
- completing requirements of continuing education is mandatory for continuing licensure and re-certification
Subspecialties
- retinal
- laser
- cataract
- glaucoma
- refractive
- corneal
- vitreo-retinal
- eye muscle
- eyelid
- orbital
- pediatric
- neuro-ophthalmology
Optometrist
- doctor of optometry (OD)
- not to be confused with MD
- must complete pre-professional undergrad college education
- followed by 4 yrs professional education in college of optometry
- some do residencies
Optometrist VS Ophthalmologist
- Both provide eye exams
- only ophthalmologist can truly dx and tx wide range of eye diseases and disorders
- Family hx of eye disorders and suffering from eye issue –> see ophthalmologist for accurate dx and tx plan
- difficulty seeing properly –> visit optometrist for eye exam
- scope of tx each professional can provide is different
- beyond studying how to correct refractive errors –> optometrists have very limited exposure when it comes to dealing with pt with eye disorders and diseases
- contrast ophthalmologists undergo
- full medical education
- extensive clinical and surgical training in ophthalmology
- devote thousands of hours to caring for and tx a much larger # of sick pt
Optometrist: services can provide
- health care professional
- licensed to provide primary eye care services
- examine and dx eye diseases such as
- glaucoma
- cataracts
- retinal diseases
- and in certain states to treat them
-to dx related systemic (body wide) conditions such as…
-HTN
-diabetes
(that may affect the eye)
- to examine, dx, tx visual conditions such as
- nearsightedness
- farsightedness
- astigmatism
- presbyopia
- to rx glasses, contact lenses, low vision rehabilitation, and medications
- perform minor surgical procedures such as removal of foreign body
Ophthalmology Pharmacology
- Topical anesthetics
- cycloplegics
- antibacterials
- NSAIDS
- antihistamines
- lubricating
- antivirals
- glaucoma
- Beta-blockers
- Sympathomimetics
- Miotics
- Prostaglandin analogs
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Cycloplegics: medications, usually in the form of eye drops, which cause cycloplegia, which is paralysis of the ciliary muscles in the eyes. This stomps accommodation of the eye that is focusing for vision at different distances.
Anterior Chamber Disorders
-Glaucoma
-Uveitis
-Iritis
ect
Posterior Chamber Disorders
- Retinal Detachment, ect
- Macular Degeneration, ect
Corneal Disorders
- abrasions
- ulcers
Ocular manifestations of Systemic Disease
- Diabetes
- HTN
- Traumatic
- HIV/AIDS
- Thyroid
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Zoster
- Rheumatoid Disorder
Lid and Lacrimal Disorders
Conjunctivitis, ect
Comprehensive Eye Examination
- Who gets examined
- When
- How often
Ocular Motor Disorders
3rd, 4th, 6th nerve palsies
Ocular Trauma
-Lacerations
-Chemical Burns
etc
