Ophthalmology Drugs Flashcards
Which types of steroids are used topically in the eye?
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Betamethasone
Fluoromethalone
What are the adverse local effects of topical steroids?
Glaucoma
Cataract
Potentiate viral infections
Impaired wound healing
In which eye condition should steroids absolutely not be used?
Herpetic keratitis –> dendritic ulcer
Which eye conditions are topical steroids used in?
Post-op cataracts
Uveitis
To prevent corneal graft rejection
Temporal arteritis
What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?
Allergy
Aplastic anaemia
Grey baby syndrome (neonates can’t process it in their liver)
Which antibiotic is used for corneal ulcers?
Ofloxacin
Give some examples of eye lubricants
Hypromellose drops
Polyvinyl alcohol drops
Lacrilube ointment
Viscotears gel
Give some examples of local anaesthetics used in the eye?
Proxymetacaine
Benoxinate
Amethocaine
What are some uses of local anaesthetic in the eye?
Foreign body removal Tonometry (IOP measurement) Corneal scraping Comfort Cataract surgery
Name two diagnostic eye stains and how do they work?
Fluorescein - shows de-epithelialised areas
Rose bengal - shows de-vitalised areas
What are the uses of fluorescein?
Shows corneal abrasion Dendritic ulcer Identify leaks Tonometry Diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction Angiography
Name four types of dilating drops
Tropicamide
Cyclopentolate
Atropine
Phenylephrine
How long does cyclopentolate last for?
1 day
Which dilating drops last the shortest amount of time?
Tropicamide
but least effective
How long does atropine dilate the eyes for?
Up to 3 weeks
What is the name for drugs which dilate the pupils?
Mydriatics
What are the side effects of mydriatics?
Blurred vision
Acute angle closure glaucoma
What is the name for drugs that constrict the pupil? Give an example
Miotics
- pilocarpine
Which side effect does alcohol + ethambutol have on the eye?
Optic atrophy
Which side effect does rifampicin have on the eye?
Red tears - can stain contact lenses
Which side effect can digoxin have on the eye?
Changes in colour appreciation
Which side effect can chloroquine have on the eye?
Maculopathy
Which side effect can amiodarone have on the eye?
Corneal verticullata
