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Ophthalmology > Ophthalmology Drugs > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which types of steroids are used topically in the eye?

A

Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Betamethasone
Fluoromethalone

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2
Q

What are the adverse local effects of topical steroids?

A

Glaucoma
Cataract
Potentiate viral infections
Impaired wound healing

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3
Q

In which eye condition should steroids absolutely not be used?

A

Herpetic keratitis –> dendritic ulcer

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4
Q

Which eye conditions are topical steroids used in?

A

Post-op cataracts
Uveitis
To prevent corneal graft rejection
Temporal arteritis

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5
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Allergy
Aplastic anaemia
Grey baby syndrome (neonates can’t process it in their liver)

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6
Q

Which antibiotic is used for corneal ulcers?

A

Ofloxacin

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7
Q

Give some examples of eye lubricants

A

Hypromellose drops
Polyvinyl alcohol drops
Lacrilube ointment
Viscotears gel

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8
Q

Give some examples of local anaesthetics used in the eye?

A

Proxymetacaine
Benoxinate
Amethocaine

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9
Q

What are some uses of local anaesthetic in the eye?

A 
Foreign body removal
Tonometry (IOP measurement)
Corneal scraping
Comfort
Cataract surgery
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10
Q

Name two diagnostic eye stains and how do they work?

A

Fluorescein - shows de-epithelialised areas

Rose bengal - shows de-vitalised areas

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11
Q

What are the uses of fluorescein?

A 
Shows corneal abrasion
Dendritic ulcer
Identify leaks
Tonometry
Diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Angiography
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12
Q

Name four types of dilating drops

A

Tropicamide
Cyclopentolate
Atropine
Phenylephrine

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13
Q

How long does cyclopentolate last for?

A

1 day

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14
Q

Which dilating drops last the shortest amount of time?

A

Tropicamide

but least effective

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15
Q

How long does atropine dilate the eyes for?

A

Up to 3 weeks

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16
Q

What is the name for drugs which dilate the pupils?

A

Mydriatics

17
Q

What are the side effects of mydriatics?

A

Blurred vision

Acute angle closure glaucoma

18
Q

What is the name for drugs that constrict the pupil? Give an example

A

Miotics

- pilocarpine

19
Q

Which side effect does alcohol + ethambutol have on the eye?

A

Optic atrophy

20
Q

Which side effect does rifampicin have on the eye?

A

Red tears - can stain contact lenses

21
Q

Which side effect can digoxin have on the eye?

A

Changes in colour appreciation

22
Q

Which side effect can chloroquine have on the eye?

A

Maculopathy

23
Q

Which side effect can amiodarone have on the eye?

A

Corneal verticullata

Ophthalmology (12 decks)

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