Ocular Infections Flashcards
What are the likely causative organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?
Staph aureus
N. gonorrhoea
Chlamydia
What are the most common causative organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis in older children?
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Which patients should not be given topical chloramphenicol?
History of aplastic anaemia
Newborns
Allergy
Which organism may cause keratitis in contact lens users?
Acanthamoeba
What is pre-orbital/septal cellulitis?
Swelling of the structures anterior to orbital septum
How can pre-orbital cellulitis be distinguished from orbital cellulitis?
No painful eye movement, diplopia + visual impairment in pre-orbital cellulitis
What is orbital cellulitis?
Severe, sight + life threatening infection of the soft tissues posterior to the orbital septum
What is the most common mechanism of infection in orbital cellulitis?
Spread from paranasal sinuses
What are the clinical features of orbital cellulitis?
Most common in children Inflamed orbit, lid swelling Fever Reduced eye mobility +/- diplopia Painful eye movements Chemosis + proptosis may be present
How is orbital cellulitis managed?
Admit
If any muscle restriction or optic nerve dysfunction –> CT to look for abscess
Broad spectrum antibiotics + close monitoring
Abscess may require drainage
What is endophthalmitis?
Devastating infection inside the eye
- extremely painful with decreasing vision
- very red eye
How is endophthalmitis diagnosed?
Culture of aqueous/vitreous fluid for culture
What are the different causes of chorioretinitis?
CMV (patients with AIDS)
Toxoplasmosis
Toxocara (roundworm)
What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?
Allergy
Irreversible aplastic anaemia
Grey baby syndrome (don’t give to newborns as liver can’t process)
How is chlamydia conjunctivitis treated?
Topical oxytetracycline
Adults may also need treatment for STI
