Ophthalmology Conditions

Question 1

Stye; (hordeolum)

Answer 1

inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland or or follicles

Question 2

Chalazion

Answer 2

a small, nonmalignant, localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions of the meibomian glands and sometimes accompanied by inflammation

Question 3

Uveitis;

Answer 3

Uveitis is defined as inflammation of the uveal tract, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

Question 4

Anterior uveitis include?

Answer 4

iritis; iridocyclitis, cyclitis

Question 5

Posterior uveitis

Answer 5

chorioretinitis

Question 6

intermediate uveitis

Answer 6

vitritis

Question 7

Acute uveitis presents as

Answer 7

Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma
Redness, Photophobia. Excessive tearing, Decreased vision

Question 8

Keratitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the cornea

Question 9

types of Conjunctivitis

Answer 9

bacterial, viral, allergic, neonatal

Question 10

Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 10

conjunctivitis with corneal involvement

Question 11

Blepharitis

Answer 11

inflammation of the eyelids margins presenting as Redness and generalized swelling of eyelid

Question 12

Dry eye symptoms;

Answer 12

can present as excessive tearing, excessive dryness, burning, redness, itching

Question 13

Pterygium;

Answer 13

An abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva ( inner canthus of the eye) to the cornea.

Question 14

Leucocoria

Answer 14

a white pupil or white reflex, an abnormal white reflection from the retina instead of red reflection.

Question 15

Ocular cysticercosis

Answer 15

infection of the eye due to infestion with larva form of tenia solium(its egg), (Taenia solium=pork tapeworm)

Question 16

Congenital Infections of the eye is caused by

Answer 16

Congenital Infections of the eye; Ophthalmia Neonatorum = N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Viral infection (Rubella, Cytomegalo virus, HSV 2, HIV) parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii,)

Question 17

Proptosis;

Answer 17

Proptosis; a bulging, protrusion, or forward displacement of a body organ especially of the eye.

Question 18

Positional proptosis;

Answer 18

Positional proptosis; proptosis varying with positions

Question 19

Corneal dystrophy;

Answer 19

is a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by bilateral abnormal deposition of substances in the cornea. It is due to inborn defects of corneal cells which undergo changes over time becoming hazy. Can manifest at birth but mostly manifest during 1st or 2nd decades.

Question 20

Pinguecula;

Answer 20

a small yellowish elevation/growth situated near the inner or outer margins of the cornea and occurring especially in people of advanced age

Question 21

Keratoconus;

Answer 21

is a degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than the more normal gradual curve.

Question 22

Synechiae

Answer 22

an adhesion of parts

Question 23

Anterior synechiae;

Answer 23

adhesion of the iris to the cornea

Question 24

Posterior synechiae;

Answer 24

adhesion of the iris to the lens

Question 25

Iris bombe;

Answer 25

a condition in which the iris is bowed forward by an accumulation of fluid between the iris and the lens

Question 26

Iridocyclitis;

Answer 26

inflammation of iris and ciliary body

Question 27

Sympathetic ophthalmia;

Answer 27

is a granulomatous inflammation of the choroid in the fellow eye of a patient who has had a penetrating injury of one eye.

Question 28

Panopthalmitis;

Answer 28

acute suppurative inflammation that extends to encompass the entire eye and the orbit

Question 29

Retinal detachment;

Answer 29

a condition in which the retina has separated from the choroid, xterised by Floaters, Flashing lights, Dark shadow on periphery of field of vision, Blurring of vision, veil over field of vision.

Question 30

Phthisis bulbi;

Answer 30

Shrinkage and atrophy of the eyeball following a severe inflammation (e.g. uveitis), absolute glaucoma or trauma. Also known as end-stage eye. The globe is non-functioning thus the patient is blind in that eye.

Question 31

Mucormycosis;

Answer 31

Mucormycosis; Mucormycosis is any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales

Question 32

Cellulitis;

Answer 32

Cellulitis; is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue, caused by bacteria, with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Cellulitis appears as a swollen, red painful area of skin that feels hot and tender

Question 33

Symblepharon

Answer 33

Symblepharon is a partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.

Question 34

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid

Answer 34

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid; (cicatricial=scarring, pemphigoid=blistering skin/mucous membrane disease) (Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, (MMP), Benign mucosal pemphigoid, Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, Ocular pemphigus, Scarring pemphigoid ) = a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease characterized by erosive skin lesions of the mucous membranes and skin that results in scarring of at least some sites of involvement

Question 35

ENDOPHTHALMITIS

Answer 35

is an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused by infection.

Question 36

Retinitis Pigmentosa;

Answer 36

Inherited retinal disorder caused by Mutations of genes whose products are important for vision eg molecules involved in Visual cascade

Question 37

Retinoblastoma;

Answer 37

is the most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood <4yrs. It’s a tumor tha arises from multipotential precursor cells.