Ophthalmology Conditions Flashcards

Define the condition

1
Q

Stye; (hordeolum)

A

inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland or or follicles

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2
Q

Chalazion

A

a small, nonmalignant, localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions of the meibomian glands and sometimes accompanied by inflammation

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3
Q

Uveitis;

A

Uveitis is defined as inflammation of the uveal tract, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

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4
Q

Anterior uveitis include?

A

iritis; iridocyclitis, cyclitis

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5
Q

Posterior uveitis

A

chorioretinitis

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6
Q

intermediate uveitis

A

vitritis

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7
Q

Acute uveitis presents as

A

Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma
Redness, Photophobia. Excessive tearing, Decreased vision

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8
Q

Keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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9
Q

types of Conjunctivitis

A

bacterial, viral, allergic, neonatal

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10
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis

A

conjunctivitis with corneal involvement

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11
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids margins presenting as Redness and generalized swelling of eyelid

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12
Q

Dry eye symptoms;

A

can present as excessive tearing, excessive dryness, burning, redness, itching

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13
Q

Pterygium;

A

An abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva ( inner canthus of the eye) to the cornea.

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14
Q

Leucocoria

A

a white pupil or white reflex, an abnormal white reflection from the retina instead of red reflection.

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15
Q

Ocular cysticercosis

A

infection of the eye due to infestion with larva form of tenia solium(its egg), (Taenia solium=pork tapeworm)

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16
Q

Congenital Infections of the eye is caused by

A

Congenital Infections of the eye; Ophthalmia Neonatorum = N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Viral infection (Rubella, Cytomegalo virus, HSV 2, HIV) parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii,)

17
Q

Proptosis;

A

Proptosis; a bulging, protrusion, or forward displacement of a body organ especially of the eye.

18
Q

Positional proptosis;

A

Positional proptosis; proptosis varying with positions

19
Q

Corneal dystrophy;

A

is a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by bilateral abnormal deposition of substances in the cornea. It is due to inborn defects of corneal cells which undergo changes over time becoming hazy. Can manifest at birth but mostly manifest during 1st or 2nd decades.

20
Q

Pinguecula;

A

a small yellowish elevation/growth situated near the inner or outer margins of the cornea and occurring especially in people of advanced age

21
Q

Keratoconus;

A

is a degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than the more normal gradual curve.

22
Q

Synechiae

A

an adhesion of parts

23
Q

Anterior synechiae;

A

adhesion of the iris to the cornea

24
Q

Posterior synechiae;

A

adhesion of the iris to the lens

25
Q

Iris bombe;

A

a condition in which the iris is bowed forward by an accumulation of fluid between the iris and the lens

26
Q

Iridocyclitis;

A

inflammation of iris and ciliary body

27
Q

Sympathetic ophthalmia;

A

is a granulomatous inflammation of the choroid in the fellow eye of a patient who has had a penetrating injury of one eye.

28
Q

Panopthalmitis;

A

acute suppurative inflammation that extends to encompass the entire eye and the orbit

29
Q

Retinal detachment;

A

a condition in which the retina has separated from the choroid, xterised by Floaters, Flashing lights, Dark shadow on periphery of field of vision, Blurring of vision, veil over field of vision.

30
Q

Phthisis bulbi;

A

Shrinkage and atrophy of the eyeball following a severe inflammation (e.g. uveitis), absolute glaucoma or trauma. Also known as end-stage eye. The globe is non-functioning thus the patient is blind in that eye.

31
Q

Mucormycosis;

A

Mucormycosis; Mucormycosis is any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales

32
Q

Cellulitis;

A

Cellulitis; is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue, caused by bacteria, with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Cellulitis appears as a swollen, red painful area of skin that feels hot and tender

33
Q

Symblepharon

A

Symblepharon is a partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.

34
Q

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid

A

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid; (cicatricial=scarring, pemphigoid=blistering skin/mucous membrane disease) (Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, (MMP), Benign mucosal pemphigoid, Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, Ocular pemphigus, Scarring pemphigoid ) = a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease characterized by erosive skin lesions of the mucous membranes and skin that results in scarring of at least some sites of involvement

35
Q

ENDOPHTHALMITIS

A

is an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused by infection.

36
Q

Retinitis Pigmentosa;

A

Inherited retinal disorder caused by Mutations of genes whose products are important for vision eg molecules involved in Visual cascade

37
Q

Retinoblastoma;

A

is the most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood <4yrs. It’s a tumor tha arises from multipotential precursor cells.