Ophthalmology

Question 1

What is hyphema?

Answer 1

Blood in the anterior chamber

Question 2

What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer 2

Bleeding under the conjuctiva

Question 3

Name the extraocular muscles

Answer 3

Lateral rectus - CN VI

Superior oblique - CN IV

Medial rectus - CN III

Inferior rectus - CN III

Inferior oblique - CN III

Superior rectus - CN III

Question 4

Name the bones of the orbit

Answer 4

• Frontal
• Lacrimal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Palatine
• Maxillary
• Zygomatic

Question 5

What structures go through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 5

“Lazy French Tarts Lie Naked In Anticipation Of Sex”:

• Lacrimal nerve
• Frontal nerve
• Trochlear nerve
• Lateral nerve
• Nasociliary nerve
• Internal nerve
• Abducens nerve
• Ophthalmic veins
• Sympathetic nerves

Question 6

What structures go through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 6

• CN V2
• Zygomatic nerve
• Parasympathetics to lacrimal gland
• Infraorbital artery and vein
• Vein between the inferior ophthalmic vein and pterygoid venous plexus

Question 7

What structures go through the optic foramen?

Answer 7

• optic nerve and opthahlmic artery

Question 8

What structures are contained in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 8

O TOM CAT

• Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
• Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
• Ophthalmic nerve, the V1 branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
• Maxillary nerve, the V2 branch of CN V
• Carotid artery
• Abducence nerve (CNVI)

Question 9

List the anatomy of the globe

Answer 9

Question 10

What is telecanthus?

Answer 10

increased distance between the medial canthi of the eyes, while the inter-pupillary distance is normal

Question 11

What is a pterygium?

Answer 11

Abnormal wedge-shaped growth on the bulbar conjunctiva. May gradually advance onto the cornea and require surgical removal.

Probably related to sun irritation.

Question 12

The eyes roll into the back of your head when you blink. Seen in lagopthalmos with FN injury

Answer 12

Bell’s Phenomenon

Question 13

One eye is lower than the other.

Answer 13

Hypoglobus

Question 14

Describe features of sympathetic opthalmia

Answer 14

Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis after trauma to one eye

It can cause blindness, days to years after trauma

Autoimmune response towards the ocular antigens, specifically a delayed hypersensitivty (type 4) to the melanin contaning structures of the retina.

Floating spots and loss of accommodation are earliest signs.

Spreads through the uvea, where characteristic focal infiltrates in the choroid named Dalén-Fuchs nodules can be seen.

If a patient has all the signs and symptoms but no eye trauma, its called Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH)

Treat with enucleation if eye has no hope

Treat with immunosuppressive therapy if eye may recover