Ophthalmology Flashcards
Organism most commonly cultured from corneal foreign bodies
Coag negative staph
Most common causes of decreased vision in the elderly
Cortical cataracts and associated macular degeneration
Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis
2-5 days
GN diplococci, Martin-Thayer medium
Ppx: erythromycin ointment
Tx: IM ceftriaxone/cefotaxime
Central retinal artery occlusion
2/2 carotid atherosclerosis
Painless loss of vision, cherry red spot on macula
Causes of acute painless vision loss
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Retinal detachment
- Vitreous hemorrhage
Central retinal artery occlusion
-Cherry red spot, sudden and severe, hx of amaurosis fugax
Central retinal vein occlusion
-Subacute time course, fundus with retinal hemorrhages and optic disc edema (“blood and thunder”)
Retinal detachment
-Floaters, flashing lights. Needs surgery
Vitreous hemorrhage
-Visual haze, dark streaks, floaters. Keep head of bed elevated >30 degrees
Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis
If contact lens wearer: fluoroquinolone drops
Otherwise: macrolide (Azithromycin) drops, erythromycin ointment or polymyxin-trimethoprim drops
Signs of keratitis
Photophobia
Blurred or impaired vision
Foreign body sensation with difficulty opening eye
Orbital cellulitis
Pain w/ extra-ocular movements and proptosis with orbital cellulitis
Fever, swollen eyelid, conjunctivitis can be seen in both pre-septal and orbital cellulitis
Differentiate w/ CT
If orbital: IV abx +/- surgery (if abscess)
If preseptal: oral abx
When is viral conjunctivitis no longer infectious?
When eye drainage stops
How do you treat candida endophthalmitis?
Systemic antifungal (ampho B) + vitrectomy
Anterior uveitis (iritis)
Pain, redness, variable visual loss and a constricted/irregular pupil
Leukocytes or protein accumulation (“hazy flare”) in the anterior segment on slit lamp exam
