Ophthalmology Flashcards
<p>Where is the anterior chamber?</p>
<p>Between the cornea and the iris</p>
<p>Where is the posterior chamber?</p>
<p>Behind the iris</p>
<p>Which is the outermost layer of the eye?</p>
<p>Cornea</p>
<p>What makes up the uveal tract?</p>
<p>Iris, Ciliary body and Choroid</p>
<p>Which layer provides 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye?</p>
<p>Cornea</p>
<p>Which layer provides 1/3 of the refractive power of the eye</p>
<p>Lens</p>
<p>Emmetropia</p>
<p>When the eye is the correct length and the image is focused on the retina</p>
<p>Hyperopia (farsightedness) </p>
<p>When the eye is too short and the image is focused behind the retina</p>
<p>Myopia (nearsightedness)</p>
<p>When the eye is too long and the image is focused in front of the retina</p>
<p>Astigmatism</p>
<p>When the refracting power of the cornea is different in one meridian than another (image is distorted and blurred)</p>
<p>Presbyopia</p>
<p>Lens loses its ability to accommodate and becomes more convex</p>
<p>VA</p>
<p>Visual acuity, the smallest object a person can identify at a given distance from the eye</p>
<p>OD</p>
<p>Oculus dexter : right eye</p>
<p>OS</p>
<p>Oculus sinister : left eye</p>
<p>OU</p>
<p>Oculus uterque : both eyes</p>
<p>CC</p>
<p>With correction</p>
<p>SC</p>
<p>Without correction</p>
<p>By which age must a child have undergone visual acuity testing?</p>
<p>7, preferably 5</p>
<p>Which 4 areas of vision must be checked during the eye exam?</p>
<p>Visual acuity, pupils, extraocular motility, ophthalmoscopy</p>
<p>How is color blindness carried genetically?</p>
<p>X-linked recessive</p>
<p>What do you use to detect a corneal epithelial defect?</p>
<p>Woods lamp of cobalt blue filter</p>
<p>What is a normal intraocular pressure?</p>
<p>8-21mmHg</p>
<p>Tonometry</p>
<p>Eye pressure</p>
<p>When is it indicated to assess anterior chamber depth?</p>
<p>When narrow angle glaucoma is suspected prior to dilation</p>
<p>What does the Rosenbaum card test?</p>
<p>Near VA</p>
<p>What does the Snellen chart test?</p>
<p>Distance VA</p>
<p>Tropicamide 1%</p>
<p>mydriatic drops (gtts)</p>
<p>Proparacaine HCl</p>
<p>Topical anesthetic</p>
<p>Visual acuity</p>
<p>Not "vision", it is the ability to resolve a certain size object at a given distance</p>
<p>What do you always check first?</p>
<p>Visual acuity</p>
<p>What is the normal range of VA?</p>
<p>20/12 to 20/25</p>
<p>What does 20/100 mean?</p>
<p>Patient can see at 20' what a 20/20 person can see at 100'</p>
<p>How is legal blindness defined?</p>
<p>20/200 or less corrected with the better eye, or less than 120 degrees of field</p>
<p>How many letters of a row must a patient correctly identify?</p>
<p>Half</p>
<p>For one optic nerve to function differently than the other nerve, where is the damage?</p>
<p>anterior to the chiasm</p>
<p>Sphincter adhesions</p>
<p>Posterior synechiae</p>
<p>How many cardinal fields are there?</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>How many positions of gaze are there?</p>
<p>9</p>
<p>Can you leave a patient's contacts in when doing an ophthalmoscopic exam?</p>
<p>Yes</p>
<p>At which angle do you approach the patient's eye to visualize the optic disc?</p>
<p>An angle of 15 degrees temporal to the visual axis</p>
<p>Visual axis</p>
<p>From fixation target to the central macula</p>
<p>Order of examination</p>
<p>Optic disc, retinal blood vessels, periphery, macula, fovea</p>
<p>Red reflex</p>
<p>Reflection of light off of the retina</p>
<p>How far away do you view the red reflex?</p>
<p>1 foot</p>
<p>What is a normal red reflex?</p>
<p>Evenly colored and not interrupted by shadows</p>
<p>How do media opacities appear?</p>
<p>As black silhouettes and best seen in dilated pupils</p>
<p>Where is the optic nerve located</p>
<p>15 degrees nasal to the fovea on the equator of the globe </p>
<p>Normal artery to vein ratio</p>
<p>2:03</p>
<p>How do arteries appear?</p>
<p>Lighter in color and smaller in diameter than veins</p>
<p>What 3 things do you look for in retinal vessels?</p>
<p>Hemorrhages, hard or soft exudates, or cotton wool spots</p>
<p>Where is the macula located?</p>
<p>2 disc diameters temporally and slightly inferiorly to the optic disc</p>
