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Clinical Neuro > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Where is the anterior chamber?</p>

A

<p>Between the cornea and the iris</p>

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2
Q

<p>Where is the posterior chamber?</p>

A

<p>Behind the iris</p>

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3
Q

<p>Which is the outermost layer of the eye?</p>

A

<p>Cornea</p>

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4
Q

<p>What makes up the uveal tract?</p>

A

<p>Iris, Ciliary body and Choroid</p>

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5
Q

<p>Which layer provides 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye?</p>

A

<p>Cornea</p>

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6
Q

<p>Which layer provides 1/3 of the refractive power of the eye</p>

A

<p>Lens</p>

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7
Q

<p>Emmetropia</p>

A

<p>When the eye is the correct length and the image is focused on the retina</p>

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8
Q

<p>Hyperopia (farsightedness) </p>

A

<p>When the eye is too short and the image is focused behind the retina</p>

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9
Q

<p>Myopia (nearsightedness)</p>

A

<p>When the eye is too long and the image is focused in front of the retina</p>

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10
Q

<p>Astigmatism</p>

A

<p>When the refracting power of the cornea is different in one meridian than another (image is distorted and blurred)</p>

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11
Q

<p>Presbyopia</p>

A

<p>Lens loses its ability to accommodate and becomes more convex</p>

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12
Q

<p>VA</p>

A

<p>Visual acuity, the smallest object a person can identify at a given distance from the eye</p>

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13
Q

<p>OD</p>

A

<p>Oculus dexter : right eye</p>

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14
Q

<p>OS</p>

A

<p>Oculus sinister : left eye</p>

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15
Q

<p>OU</p>

A

<p>Oculus uterque : both eyes</p>

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16
Q

<p>CC</p>

A

<p>With correction</p>

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17
Q

<p>SC</p>

A

<p>Without correction</p>

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18
Q

<p>By which age must a child have undergone visual acuity testing?</p>

A

<p>7, preferably 5</p>

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19
Q

<p>Which 4 areas of vision must be checked during the eye exam?</p>

A

<p>Visual acuity, pupils, extraocular motility, ophthalmoscopy</p>

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20
Q

<p>How is color blindness carried genetically?</p>

A

<p>X-linked recessive</p>

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21
Q

<p>What do you use to detect a corneal epithelial defect?</p>

A

<p>Woods lamp of cobalt blue filter</p>

22
Q

<p>What is a normal intraocular pressure?</p>

A

<p>8-21mmHg</p>

23
Q

<p>Tonometry</p>

A

<p>Eye pressure</p>

24
Q

<p>When is it indicated to assess anterior chamber depth?</p>

A

<p>When narrow angle glaucoma is suspected prior to dilation</p>

25
Q

<p>What does the Rosenbaum card test?</p>

A

<p>Near VA</p>

26
Q

<p>What does the Snellen chart test?</p>

A

<p>Distance VA</p>

27
Q

<p>Tropicamide 1%</p>

A

<p>mydriatic drops (gtts)</p>

28
Q

<p>Proparacaine HCl</p>

A

<p>Topical anesthetic</p>

29
Q

<p>Visual acuity</p>

A

<p>Not "vision", it is the ability to resolve a certain size object at a given distance</p>

30
Q

<p>What do you always check first?</p>

A

<p>Visual acuity</p>

31
Q

<p>What is the normal range of VA?</p>

A

<p>20/12 to 20/25</p>

32
Q

<p>What does 20/100 mean?</p>

A

<p>Patient can see at 20' what a 20/20 person can see at 100'</p>

33
Q

<p>How is legal blindness defined?</p>

A

<p>20/200 or less corrected with the better eye, or less than 120 degrees of field</p>

34
Q

<p>How many letters of a row must a patient correctly identify?</p>

A

<p>Half</p>

35
Q

<p>For one optic nerve to function differently than the other nerve, where is the damage?</p>

A

<p>anterior to the chiasm</p>

36
Q

<p>Sphincter adhesions</p>

A

<p>Posterior synechiae</p>

37
Q

<p>How many cardinal fields are there?</p>

A

<p>6</p>

38
Q

<p>How many positions of gaze are there?</p>

A

<p>9</p>

39
Q

<p>Can you leave a patient's contacts in when doing an ophthalmoscopic exam?</p>

A

<p>Yes</p>

40
Q

<p>At which angle do you approach the patient's eye to visualize the optic disc?</p>

A

<p>An angle of 15 degrees temporal to the visual axis</p>

41
Q

<p>Visual axis</p>

A

<p>From fixation target to the central macula</p>

42
Q

<p>Order of examination</p>

A

<p>Optic disc, retinal blood vessels, periphery, macula, fovea</p>

43
Q

<p>Red reflex</p>

A

<p>Reflection of light off of the retina</p>

44
Q

<p>How far away do you view the red reflex?</p>

A

<p>1 foot</p>

45
Q

<p>What is a normal red reflex?</p>

A

<p>Evenly colored and not interrupted by shadows</p>

46
Q

<p>How do media opacities appear?</p>

A

<p>As black silhouettes and best seen in dilated pupils</p>

47
Q

<p>Where is the optic nerve located</p>

A

<p>15 degrees nasal to the fovea on the equator of the globe </p>

48
Q

<p>Normal artery to vein ratio</p>

A

<p>2:03</p>

49
Q

<p>How do arteries appear?</p>

A

<p>Lighter in color and smaller in diameter than veins</p>

50
Q

<p>What 3 things do you look for in retinal vessels?</p>

A

<p>Hemorrhages, hard or soft exudates, or cotton wool spots</p>

51
Q

<p>Where is the macula located?</p>

A

<p>2 disc diameters temporally and slightly inferiorly to the optic disc</p>

Clinical Neuro (4 decks)

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