Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT and O > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Fundoscopy appearance of diabetic retinopathy

A

Non-proliferative:
Micro aneurysms, haemorrhages, venous bleeding, hard exudates and cotton wool spots.
Proliferative: Neovascularisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treatment of diabetic retinopathy

A

Laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fundoscopy of hypertensive retinopathy

A

Arteriolar narrowing, silver wiring, AV nicking, retinopathy and papilloedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptom of both retinal artery and vein occlusion

A

Sudden painless vision loss of all (central occlusion) or part (branch occlusion) of vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Retinal artery occlusion fundoscopy

A

Swollen, pale retina and cherry red spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for central retinal artery occlusion

A

Under 24 hours is a ocular massage and then vascular management (carotid doppler)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is amaurosis fugax

A

Transient CRAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of amaurosis fugax

A

Transcient painless vision loss, curtain coming down and 5 mins with full recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of amaurosis fugax

A

Stroke referral and aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fundoscopy of retinal vein occlusion

A

Tortous dilated vessels and wide-spread retinal haemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment for CRVO

A

Anti-VEGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms for retinal detachment

A

Four Fs (floaters, flashes, fall in acuity and field loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for retinal detachment

A

Prompt surgical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of wet macular degeneration

A

Central scotoma and distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of dry macular degeneration

A

Gradual decline in vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are drusens and what disease

A

Build up of waste below RPE and dry age related macular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease is associated with optic neuritis

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A

Progressive visual loss, pain behind eye especially on movement and colour desaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of optic neuritis

A

Goes away itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is glaucoma

A

Injury to the optic nerve associated with elevated intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Aqueous humour cannot leave the eye and causes increase pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Very painful, red eye, stony hard eye, nausea and vomting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who is acute angle more common in

A

Hypermetropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most common glaucoma

A

Open angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of glaucoma

A

Beta blockers eye drops, prostaglandin eye drops, alpha-agonists and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Painful!, red eye, keratic precipitates, hypopyon, photophobia, synachiae

A

Anterior uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Diseases related to anterior uveitis

A

Reiters, UC, ank spon, sarcoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment of anterior uveitis

A

Topical steroids (pred forte) and mydriatics (cyclopentolate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is tepee sign

A

Lashes matted together in blepharitis

30
Q

Most common blepharitis

A

Mixed (anterior and posterior)

31
Q

What is the difference between anterior and posterior blepharitis

A

Anterior: around eye lashes, a reaction to staph aureus and associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Posterior: Glands blocked by debris/skin flakes and associated with rosacea and seborrhoeic dermatitis

32
Q

Treatment for blepharitis

A

Bathing/warm compresses, suplementary tears and oral doxycycline in worst cases

33
Q

What is a chalazion, ho does it present and treatment.

A

Blocked meibomian gland that may become infected and is a firm round lump of eyelid. Treatment is hot compression, antibiotic massage and in clinic an incision and curettage under local anaesthetic

34
Q

What is chorioretinitis

A

Inflammatory and exudative condition of the choroid and retina

35
Q

Symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis

A

Red eye, foreign body, discharge, papillae or follicles, chemosis and pre-auricular glands

36
Q

What is chemosis

A

Conjunctival oedema

37
Q

How is neonatal conjunctivitis usually caused

A

STD from birth canal

38
Q

What is the common organisms for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staph aureus

39
Q

Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol

40
Q

Most common organism in viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

41
Q

What is hutchinsons sign

A

Herpes zoster along the nasociliary nerve

42
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis signs and symptoms

A

Red irrated eyes, subtarsal scarring, follicles

43
Q

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

Oxytetracycline

44
Q

What dye shows abrasions

A

Fluroscein

45
Q

Treatment of corneal abrasion

A

Heal in a few days and deep may require antibiotics

46
Q

Corneal ulcer symptoms

A

Very painful (needle like), photophobia, lacrimation, circumcorneal red eye

47
Q

Where do autoimmune ulcers occur

A

Peripherally (limbus)

48
Q

What diseases are associated with corneal ulcer

A

Thyroid, sjorgens, keratitis and vitamin A deficiency

49
Q

What is dacryocystits

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

50
Q

Treatment of dacryocystitis

A

Antibiotic eye drops

51
Q

What is endophthalmitis

A

Devastating infection inside the eye

52
Q

Symptoms of endophthalmitis

A

Very painful, decreasing vision, very very red eye

53
Q

Organism for endophthalmitis and how to diagnose

A

Staph epidermis with a aqueous/vitreous culture

54
Q

Treatment of endophthalmitis

A

Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin with a topical antibiotic (chlorophenicol)

55
Q

Which diseases show blanching/non-blanching on phenylephrine

A

Episcleritis will blanch and scleritis vessels will not

56
Q

What disease is epislceritis related to

A

Gout

57
Q

Treatment of episcleritis

A

Oral NSAIDs

58
Q

What is keratitis

A

A corneal infection

59
Q

Treatment of bacterial keratitis

A

Admission for hourly drops and ofloxacin or gentamicin and cefuroxime

60
Q

What is bacterial keratitis related to

A

Corneal pathology or contact lense wear

61
Q

What is a dendritic ulcer

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

62
Q

What should be avoided in dendritic ulcer and why

A

Steroids as it causes a corneal melt and perforation of the conrea

63
Q

Treatment of dendrtitic ulcers

A

Antivirals (aciclovir)

64
Q

What does adenoviral keratitis follow

A

URtI

65
Q

What is keratoconjuncitivtis sicca

A

Dry eye (sjorgens)

66
Q

What scan should be done in orbital cellulitis and why

A

CT to identify abscesses

67
Q

What is pinguecula and how are they caused

A

Yellowish, raised thickening of the conjunctiva over the sclera and caused by Iv exposure

68
Q

What is a pterygium

A

Benign growth of the conjuctiva

69
Q

Treatment of stye

A

Hot compression and antibiotics

70
Q

What is sympathetic opthalmia

A

Autoimmune granulomatous reaction to surgery or trauma in one eye and spreads to both eyes. Systemic steroids!

ENT and O (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions