ENT Flashcards
Diagnosis and treatment of BPPV
Hallpikes test and epley manouevre
Treatment for candida
Nystatin
White patches on red, raw mucous membranes in the throat
Candida
Cheesy discharge, hearing loss, headache, pain and vertigo
Cholesteatoma
Cholesteatoma treatment
ENT referral and surgical removal
What is a cholesteatoma
Keratinising squamous epithelium
Treatment of diptheria
Antitoxin, penicillin/erythromycin
Typer of toxin produced by diptheria
Exotoxin which is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic
Tests for glandular fever
Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood, positive monospot, low CRP and IgM
Something sticking in throat without dysphagia
Globus pharyngeus
Erosion of the mucous membrane over the arytenoid. Voice abuse and hoarseness
Laryngeal contact ulcer
Tx of laryngeal contact ulcer
6 weeks of voice rest and antibiotics
Laryngeal papillomatosis HPV
6 and 11
What is koilocytosis
Squamous cells undergo change
Tx of laryngeal papillomatosis
Repeated debulking of growths
Most common cause of congenital stridor
Laryngomalacia
What is laryngomalacia
Collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration
Samsters triad
Asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin allergy
Common in post-nasal drip
Nasal polyps
Tx for nasal polyps
Dexamethsone spray
Red, itchy painful, swollen ear canal. Discharge too. Swimmer with dermatitis
Otitis externa
Organism of otitis externa
Staph aureus
Tx of otitis externa
Topical aural toilet and treat for sensitivity
What is malignant otitis
Otitis externa spread to bone. Head symptoms
URTI up eustachian tube.
Otitis media
Smelly and potentially chronic otitis media
Pseudomonas
Tx of otitis media
Usually self limiting but Amox or erythromycin
Deaf, speech, timpanic membrane retraction, reduced tm mobility and altered tm colour
Glue ear
Tx of glue ear
Usually self-limiting. Over 3 months:
<3 years=Grommets
>3 years first intervention= Grommets
>3 years second intervention=Grommets and adenoidectomy
Pink tinge on ear drum
Otosclerosis
Deafness in otosclerosis
Progressively worse but not complete
Tx of peritonsillar abscess
Drain and penicillin (clarithromyin if allergy)
SU hearing loss bc of old age
Prebycusis
General rules for salivary gland pathology
Large glands are common benign and tumours in minor glands are more malignant
Most common benign parotid tumour
Pleomorphic adenoma (benign)
Treatment for pleomorphic adenoma
Wide excision
Tumour in parotid related to older smoking males
Warthins benign tumour
Pen allergy tonsillitis
Clarithromycin
Benign tumour of the vestibular nerve
Vestibular schwannoma
Young patient with bilateral vestibular schwannoma
Neurofibromatosis type 2
