Ophthalmology Flashcards
1
Q
What nerve is involved with Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
A
the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
2
Q
What are the general symptoms of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
A
-malaise -fever -HA -burning & itching of the periorbital region
3
Q
What are the facial S/Sx of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
A
-****visicular rash involving the tip of the nose or eyelid margins****
4
Q
What are the eye S/Sx of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
A
-conjunctivitis -keratitis -anterior uvieitis
5
Q
What is the Tx for Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
A
-high dose oral acyclovir within 72 hours after the eruption of the rash (800mg 5 times per day)
6
Q
What is an Entropion?
A
-an inward turning of the eyelid (usually lower)
7
Q
Who gets an Entropion?
A
-occurs most often in older people as a result of degeneration of the lid fascia
8
Q
What are the complications of an Entropion?
A
-may follow with extensive scarring of the conjunctiva and tarus
9
Q
What is the Tx for an Entropion?
A
-surgery if the lashes rub on the cornea -butulinum toxin injections may temporarily help
10
Q
What is an Extropion?
A
-an outward turning of the lower lid
11
Q
Who gets an Extropion?
A
-are fairly common in older people
12
Q
What is the Tx for an Extropion?
A
-surgery is indicated if extortion causes excessive tearing, exposure to keratitis or a cosmetic problem
13
Q
What is Anterior Blepharitis?
A
****a common chronic bilateral inflammation of the lid margins**** -involves the eyelid skin, eye lashes & glands
14
Q
What is the cause of Anterior Blepharitis?
A
-ulcerative -staphylococci -seborrheic
15
Q
What are the S/Sx of Anterior Blepharitis?
A
-irritation -burning and itching ****red-rimmed eyes & scales on lashes****
16
Q
What is the Tx for Anterior Blepharitis?
A
-remove scales with a damp cotton tip applicator & baby shampoo -antistaphylococcal antibiotic eye ointment
17
Q
What is Posterior Blepharitis?
A
-inflammation of the eyelids secondary to dysfunction of the meibomian glands
18
Q
What other condition is associated with Posterior Blepharitis?
A
-acne rosacea
19
Q
What else is common with Posterior Blepharitis?
A
-bacterial infection with staphylococci or a primary glandular disfunction
20
Q
What is the Tx for Posterior Blepharitis?
A
-possible low dose systemic antibiotic therapy -short term topical steroids
21
Q
What is Dacrosystitis?
A
-an infection of the lacrimal sac due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal system
22
Q
Is Dacrosystitis a bilateral infection?
A
-no, this is usually a unilateral infection
23
Q
What age groups are commonly affected by Dacrosystitis?
A
-infants (congenital) -people > 40 (aquired), F > M
24
Q
What is the common etiology for acute Dacrosystitis?
A
-Staph aureus & B-hemolytic streptococci
25
What is the etiology for chronic Dacrosysitis?
-Staph epidermidis -anaerobic streptococci -Candida albicans
26
What are the S/Sx of Dacrocystitis?
-pain, swelling and redness of the tear sac area -Purlulent material may be expressed on pressure over the sac area
27
What is the Tx for Dacrocystitis?
-Dacrocystorhinostomy (adults) and ballon dilation -(Peds) probe in the nasolacrimal system +/- systemic antibiotics
28
What is a Hordeolum?
-an acute common staphylococcal abscess
29
What is an internal Hordeolum?
-a meibomian gland infection
30
What is an external Hordeolum?
\*\*\*\*a stye\*\*\*\*
31
What are the S/Sx of Hordeolum?
\*\*\*\*acutely tender area\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*painful, localized, swollen acutely tender area on the lower lid\*\*\*\*
32
What is the Tx for a Hordeolum?
-warm compresses -antibiotic ointment -I&D: usually not initial treatment especially if small
33
What is a Chalazion?
-a chronic granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland
34
What are the S/Sx of a Chalazion?
\*\*\*\*Nontender, hard swelling\*\*\*\*on the upper or lower lid
35
What is the Tx for a Chalazion?
-incision & curettage -warm compresses +/- intralesional steroids
36
What is the most common eye disease?
-conjunctivitis
37
What are the bacteria etiology for conjunctivitis?
-gonococcal -chlamydial
38
What are the viral causes of conjunctivitis?
-Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
39
Other than bacteria and viral what other things cause conjunctivitis?
-Alllergy & Bacterial & Viral Conjunctivitis
40
What are the etiology for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
-staphyloccoci -streptococi (strep pneumo) -Haemphilus -pseudomonas -moraxella
41
What are the S/Sx of Bacterial conjunctivitis?
-mild discomfort of the eye -itchiness -redness -purulent drainage
42
What is the Tx for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
-Antibiotic gtts (sulfonamide) tid -warm compresses
43
How does one get Gonococcal Conjunctivitis?
-usually through contact with infected genital secretions
44
What is a major sign of Gonococcal Conjunctivitis?
-produces copious purulent discharge
45
Is Gonococcal Conjunctivitis an urgent situation?
-it is considered an ophthalmologic emergency because of possible corneal perforation
46
What lab is needed ti Dx Gonococcal Conjunctivitis?
-gram stain or culture
47
What is the Tx for Gonococcal Conjunctivitis?
-topical antibiotics (erythromycin or sulfa) -if cornea is perforated use 5 day course of parenteral ceftriaxone
48
Why is Chlamydial Keratoconjunctivitis such a big deal?
-Trachoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide
49
What are the characteristics of Chlamydial Keratocojunctivitis?
-Recurrent bilateral \*\*\*\*follicular conjunctivitis\*\*\*\* -epithelial keratitis -corneal vascularization
50
What is the Tx for Chlamydial Keratoconjunctivitis?
-oral tetracycline or erythromycin for 3-5 weeks
51
What is Inclusion Conjunctivitis?
-common cause of genital tract disease in adults
52
What are the characteristics of Inclusion Conjunctivitis?
\*\*\*\*Follicular conjunctivitis\*\*\*\* -mild keratitis +/- lymph node
53
What is the Tx for Inclusion Conjunctivitis?
-oral tetracycline or erythromycin for 3-5, weeks, azithromycin 1 g po once
54
What is the usual cause of Viral Conjunctivitis/
-adenovirus type 3
55
Is this infection unilateral oar bilateral?
-often bilateral
56
What are the Sx of viral conjunctivitis?
-red palpebral conjunctiva with a copious \*\*\*\*watery discharge\*\*\*\* -scanty exudate
57
What else is associated with viral conjunctivitis?
-pharyngitis -fever -malaise \*\*\*\*preauricular adenopathy\*\*\*\*
58
What is the Tx for viral conjunctivitis?
-warm compresses tid
59
What is Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca?
-dry eyes
60
What is the etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis?
-aging (hypo function) -systemic or topical drugs -hereditary disorders -systemic diseases (Sjorgren's Syndrome)
61
What are the S/Sx of Keratoconjunctivitis?
-dry, red, and scratchy eyes
62
How is Keratoconjunctivitis Dx?
+ Schirmer's test (filter paper), estimates the amount of tear production, if positive the ophthamologist will then perform a slit lamp (microscopic) exam with rose Bengal stain
63
What is the Tx for Keratoconjunctivitis?
-artificial tears
64
When does Allergic Conjunctivitis often occur?
-seasonal
65
What are the Sx of allergic conjunctivitis?
-itching -tearing -redness -stringy discharge +/- photophobia
66
What are the S's of allergic conjunctivitis?
-edema (chemosis) \*\*\*\*"cobblestone papillae"\*\*\*\*
67
What is the Tx for allergic conjunctivitis?
-antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer gtts
68
What other conditions are associated with allergic conjunctivitis?
-atopic asthma -atopic dermatitis -allergic rhinitis
69
What is Keratitis?
-a Corneal Ulcer
70
What causes Keratitis / Corneal Ulcer?
-most commonly due to infections
71
What are the other causes of Keratitis / Corneal Ulcer?
-exposure Keratitis (inadequate eyeled closure) -severe dry eyes -severe allergic eye disease
72
What are the S/Sx for Keratitis / Corneal Ulcer?
-painful red eye with photophobia -tearing -circumcorneal injection +/- discharge
73
Does Keratitis / Corneal Ulcer need prompt Tx?
-delayed Tx may lead to intraocular infection or corneal scarring
74
What is Bacterial Keratitis?
-infected cornea
75
What are the characteristics of a Bacterial keratitis?
-usually aggressive and often due to prolonged contact wearing cornea trauma
76
What is the etiology of an infected Cornea (bacterial Keratitis) ?
-Pseudomonas -strep -Staph -Moraxella
77
What are the S/Sx of an infected cornea (bacterial keratitis)?
-cornea is hazy usually with a central ulcer +/- hypopyon (exudate in the anterior chamber--like a hyphema but with puss)
78
How is a corneal infection (bacterial keratitis) Dx ?
+ gram stain or culture
79
What is the Tx for a Corneal infection (bacterial keratitis)?
- Gm+ give cephalosporins gtts - Gm- give fluroquinolone or amino glycoside gtts
80
When Tx Herpes Simplex Keratitis what medication should not be given?
-NEVER GIVE TOPICAL CORTICOSTEOIDS
81
How is Herpes Simplex Keratitis Dx?
-Dendritic (branching ulcer) seen with fluorescent examination
82
What is the Tx for Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
-Acyclovir po 400mg 5 times daily
83
Describe Orbital Cellulitis?
-an abrupt onset of fever, proptosis, restriction of extra ocular movements, swelling, and redness of the lids
84
Who usually gets Orbital Cellutitis?
-children
85
What is the etiology for Orbial Cellulitis?
-infection of the paranasal sinuses
86
What is the Tx for Orbital Cellulitis?
-IV antibiotics
87
What is a Cataract?
-bilateral lens opacities causing blurred vision & gradual visual loss without pain or redness
88
What is the etiology for cataracts?
-increased age (senile cataracts is most common) -congenital due to rubella or CMV
89
What are the RF for developing cataracts?
-smoking -corticosteroid use
90
What are the S/Sx of Cataract's?
-gradual vision loss & white pupil
91
What is the Tx for Cataracts?
-Surgery-ultrasonic fragmentation and replacement of intraocular lens (IOL)
92
What is Acute (angle-closure) Glaucoma?
-closure of a preexisting narrow anterior chamber angle
93
How common is Acute (angle-closure) Glaucoma?
\< 10 % of all cases of glaucoma
94
Describe acute (angle-closure) glaucoma?
-severe pain and blurred vision due to a preexisting narrow anterior chamber angle
95
What are the RF for acute (angle-closure) glaucoma?
-elderly -hyeropes -Asians
96
What other things can increase the risk of acute (angle-closure) glaucoma?
\*\*\*\*Pupillary dilation\*\*\*\* : darkened room, -stress -mydriasis gtts -meds : atropine imipramine atrovent
97
What are the S/Sx of acute (angle closure) Glaucoma?
-rapid onset of extreme pain -blurred vision \*\*\*\*halos around lights\*\*\*\*\* -N/V
98
What are the PE findings for acute (angle closure Glaucoma?
\*\*\*\*moderately dilated fixed pupil\*\*\*\* that is nonreactive to light -red eye -steamy cornea -hard eye
99
What are the Tonometry findings with acute (angle closure Glaucoma?
-hard eye with elevated intraocular pressure
100
What is the Tx for Acute (angle closure) Glaucoma?
-First Line : IV acetazolamide 500 mg, then 500mg po -First Line : timmolol or carteolol drops, beta blocker -2nd line : topical steroids to reduce inflammation, then -miotic agent (pilocarpine) after 1 hr is given q 15 minutes -IV Mannitol -laser periopheral iridotomy
101
What is the problem if Acute (angle closure) Glaucoma is left untreated?
-possible permanent visual loss if left untreated
102
How much of Glaucoma is Chronic (open-angle) Glaucoma?
\> 90% of all glaucoma
103
What is chronic open-angle glaucoma?
-slow bilateral increase of intraocular pressure leading to loss of peripheral vision
104
What are the RF for Chronic (open-angle) Glaucoma?
-advancing age -FMHx -diabetes
105
What are the S/Sx of Chronic (open-angle) Glaucoma?
-none initially -eventual \*\*\*\*loss of peripheral vision\*\*\*\* over year leading to tunnel vision
106
What are the PE findings for Chronic (open-angle) Gluacoma?
-pathologic cupping of the optic disks
107
What is the Tx for Chronic (open-angle) Gluacoma?
-Prostaglandin Analogues (Xalantan) -B-blocking gtts (Timolol) -pilocarpine -laser trabeculoplasty
108
What is Uveitis?
-inflammation of the uveal tract --iris, ciliary body & choroid
109
What is the etiology for Uveitis?
-HLA-B27 conditions \*\*\*\*ankylosing spondylitis\*\*\*\* -ulcerative colitis -Chrohn's disease -psoriasis -Reiter's syndrome -herpes simplex/zoster -syphilis ("salt and pepper" fundus)
110
What are the S/Sx of Uveitis?
-acue onset unilateral pain -redness -photophobia -visual loss
111
What is anterior Uveitis?
-Iritis
112
Which cells are affected with anterior Uveitis (Iritis)?
-inflammatory cells and flare within the aqueous
113
What is the Hypopyon with Uveitis (Iritis)?
-layered collection of white cells (puss instead of blood like a hyphema)
114
What are the PE findings with Uveitis (Iritis)?
-small pupil -Posterior synechiae (adhesions) -normal intraocular pressure
115
What is Posterior uveitis?
-involves the Choroid -cells in the vitreous
116
What is the Tx for Uveitis (Iritis)?
-Topical steroids -analgesics -mydriatics ---Dilation of the pupil relieves discomfort & helps prevent posterior synechiae
117
What is a Pterygium?
-fleshy, triangular encroachment of the conjunctiva onto the nasal side of the cornea
118
How does one get Pterygium?
-usually associated with constant exposure to wind, sun, and dust -fairly common in the southwest USA
119
What is the Tx for a Pterygium?
-excision only if the growth threatens to interfere with vision by approaching the visual axis
120
Does Pterygium recur?
-recurrences are frequent
121
What it a Pingueculae?
-Yellow elevated nodule on either side of the corneal (more commonly on the nasal side)
122
What age group gets Pingueculae?
-common in persons over 35
123
Do Pingueculae grow?
-they rarely grow but inflammation may occur
124
What is the Tx for a Pingueculae?
-artificial tears or short courses of topical NSAIDS
125
What is a Central Vein Occlusion?
\*\*\*\*Sudden painless visual loss\*\*\*\* often upon waking in the morning
126
What are the RF for a Central Vein Occlusion?
-glaucoma -HTN -diabetes -uveitis -increased lipids -thrombotic disease
127
What are the PE findings for a Central Vein Occlusion?
-disk swelling -venous dilation -retinal hemorrhages -cotton-wool spots
128
What is the Tx for a Central Vein Occlusion?
-treat macular edema with laser treatment
129
What is a Central Artery Occlusion?
\*\*\*\*Sudden profound visual loss\*\*\*\*
130
What are the PE findings for a Central Artery Occlusion?
\*\*\*\*Cherry-red spot at the fovea\*\*\*\* -swelling of the retina -occasional emboli -cotton wool spots
131
What is the Tx for a Central Artery Occlusion?
-Laying the patient flat -ocular massage -high concentrations of O2 -IV acetazolamide & anterior chamber paracentresis -thrombolysis
132
How does a Retinal Detachment present?
-may be spontaneous or traumatic \*\*\*\*blurred vision without pain or redness often with flashing lights or new floaters
133
What are the RF for a detached retina?
-cataract extraction -myopia
134
What are the PE findings for a detached retina?
-hanging retina in the vitreous -superior temporal area is the most common
135
What is the Tx for a detached retina?
-surgery with cryotherapy or photocoagulation to the retina
136
What is an Amaurosis Fugax?
-retinal emboli from ipsilateral carotid disease
137
What are the S/Sx of Amaurosis Fugax?
"curtain passing vertically across the visual field with complete monocular visual loss lasting a few minutes"
138
How is a Amaurosis Fugax?
-carotid ultrasound or aniography
139
What is the Tx for Amourosis Fugax?
\> 70% stenosis = Carotid endarterectomy \< 70% stenosis = aspirin +/- plavix
140
What is the leading cause of new blindness in ages 20-65?
-diabetic retinopathy
141
What is Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?
-dilated veins -microaneurysms -retinal hemorrhages -retinal edema -hard exudates
142
What is Proliferative retinopathy?
-Neovascularization
143
What is the tx for Diabetic Retinopathy?
-panretinal laser photocoagulation to prevent blindness -injection of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)
144
What are the RF for Hypertensive Retinal Changes?
-essential hypertension -acute renal failure -pheochromocytoma -preeclampsia-eclampsia
145
What are the retinal changes for Chronic Hypertension?
-silver wiring & copper wiring -Arteriovenous nicking -flame-shaped hemorrhages -retinal exudates
146
What are the retinal changes for Acute Hypertension?
-arteriolar narrowing -Cotton-wool spots -retinal hemorrhages -Disc edema
147
What is Optic Neuritis?
-Sudden unilateral loss of vision and pain with eye movements (vision returns in 2-3 weeks)
148
What medical conditions are associated with Optic Neuritis?
\*\*\*\*Multiple Sclerosis\*\*\*\* -viral infections (measles, mumps, varicella)
149
What are the S/Sx of Optic Neuritis?
\*\*\*\*loss of color vision\*\*\*\*
150
What are the PE findings for Optic Neuritis?
-optic nerve swelling (rare) -flame-shaped hemorrhages
151
What is the Tx for Optic Neuritis?
-IV steroids help
152
What is Papilledema?
-Optic disk swelling due to raised itracranial pressure
153
Is Papilledema unilateral?
-No, it is bilateral
154
What is the etiology for Papilledema?
-Pseudotumor cerebrii -tumors -inflammation -edema -encephalitis
155
What are the S/Sx for Papilledema?
-enlargement of the blind spot +/- loss of acuity
156
What are the Tx for Papilledema?
-Acetazolamide -Optic nerve sheath fenestration or lumpboperitoneal shunt
157
What is Macular Degeneration?
-leading cause of permanent visual loss in the elderly due to atrophy due to atrophy of outer retina
158
What are the RF for Macular Degneration?
-whites -F \> M -famly Hx -smoking
159
What are the S/Sx of Macular Degeneration?
-gradual progressive of bilateral visual loss
160
What is the PE findings for Macular Degeneration?
\*\*\*\*retinal drusio\*\*\*\* (yellow deposits around macular region)
161
What is the Tx for Macular Degeneration?
-none -laser photocoagulation may delay the onset of permanent visual loss
162
What is a Corneal Abrasion?
-scratch on the cornea
163
What are the Sx of a corneal abrasion?
-foreign body sensation
164
What is the physical exam for a corneal abrasion?
-evert eye lid and observe with fluorescent dye
165
What is the Tx for a Corneal Abrasion?
-antibiotic ggts or ointment
166
What is the physical exam for an eye Foreign Body?
-may need fluroscein gtts to visualize -also inspect under lids
167
How should a foreign body (non steel) be removed?
-remove with a cotton-tipped applicator
168
How should a piece of steel foreign body be removed from the eye?
-steel foreign bodies leave a rust ring and should be removed by ophthalmologist
169
What is the follow up care for removal of foreign body from the eye?
-follow up with polymyxin-bacitracin ophthalmic ointment and examine in 24 hours
170
Does Ocular Bleeding, a subconjunctival hemorrhage affect vision?
-subconjuctival hemorrhage does not affect vision
171
What are the symptoms of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
-minimal symptoms
172
Where does subconjunctival hemorrhage stop?
-stops a the lumbus
173
What is a Hyphema?
-blood in the anterior chamber
174
What are the symptoms of a Hyphema?
-pain -photophiobia -blurred vision
175
What is a Blowout Fracture?
-orbital wall fracture due to trauma -forces rupture the medial wall and floor of the globe -muscle and fat becomes trapped
176
What is Enxophthalmos seen with a Blowout fracture?
\*\*\*\*Diplopia on upward gaze\*\*\*\*
177
What is the Tx for a Blowout Fracture?
-surgery
178
What are Ocular Motor Palsies cause by?
-all caused by tumor unless proven otherwise
179
Describe a 3rd Nerve Paralysis?
-complete ptosis -slightly depressed eye -dilated pupil
180
What causes a 3rd Nerve Paralysis?
-trauma -DM -HTN
181
What causes a 4th Nerve Paralysis?
-Trauma
182
Describe a 4th Nerve Paralysis?
-Upward deviation of the eye causing a vertical diplopia
183
Describe a 6th Nerve Paralysis?
-failure of abduction of affected eye causing horizontal diplopia
184
What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?
-refer & position patient with head down
185
In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amaurosis fugal?
-patients older than 50
186
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
-carotid artherosclerotic disease
187
When Tx herpes keratitis should you use topical antiviral, topical steroid, or both?
-Dont use steroids -Topical antiviral and refer!
188
A patient describes his vision as a curtain coming down and then going back up. What might be the Dx?
-Amaurosis Fugax
189
A patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eyelid. What Dx should you be thinking of? What Tx should you begin with?
-Hordeolum (sty) -begin Tx with warm compresses and progress to topical antibiotics if necessary
190
A fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What Dx should you be thinking of?
-Central retinal artery occlusion
191
A college student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and tender preauricualr lymphadenopathy. What Dx should you be thinking of?
-Chylamydia conjunctivitis
192
What should a primary care provider what do you do for presumed central retinal artery occlusion?
Ophthalmic emergency! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye
193
A patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a "blood and thunder" pattern. What is the most likely Dx?
-Central vein occlusion
194
What is appropriate Tx for central vein occlusion?
-Typically self limiting. Tx underlying disease.
195
Is glaucoma more prevalent in males or females?
-Females 3:1
196
Give 2 Risk Factors for glaucoma?
-African american decent -diabetes
197
What is yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?
-Pinguecula
198
A fundal exam shows a cup to disk ratio of \> 0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disk. What is the most likely Dx?
-Glaucoma
199
A patient presents saying he doesn't seem to need his glasses anymore after 30 years. What is the most likely Dx?
-Cataract
200
A patient has metamorphosis and a central blind spot. What is the most likely Dx?
-Macular degeneration
201
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?
-Superior temporal
202
A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most likely Dx?
-Glaucoma
203
What is the most common way of testing for metamorphopsia?
Amsler grid
204
You notice drusen deposits on fundal exam. What is the most likely Dx?
-Macular degeneration
205
A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin Tx?
-This is Blepharitis. Tx begins with good hygiene and moves no to topical antibiotics if necessary.
206
A patient has a history of multiple stys. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What is the most likely Dx?
-Chalazion
207
What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?
-Red and green
208
What is the term for eyelids that turn in?
-Entropion
209
A fundal exam shows an opalescent retinal and boxcarring of arterioles. What is the most likely Dx?
-Central retinal artery occlusion
210
What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?
-Xanthelasma
211
What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?
-URI, sinus infection
212
Vision loss described as curtain coming down should make you thing of what Dx?
-Retinal detachment
213
You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What is the most likely Dx?
-Glaucoma
214
A CT scan of the head shows broad infiltration of orbital fat. What is the most likely diagnosis?
-Orbital cellulitis
215
A patient presents with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and contender pre auricular adenopathy. What is the most likely Dx? And what is the most likely pathogen?
-Viral conjunctivitis. Adnenovirus.
216
How do you test for color blindness?
Ishihara plates
217
A patient with a history of asthma presents complaining of stringy discharge from both eyes and severe swelling around the eyes. What is the most likely Dx?
-Allergic conjunctivitis
218
What is the name for the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision?
-Pterygium
219
What is the name of the test for dry eyes?
-Schimers' test
220
A patient having recently undergone cataract surgery presents complaining of vision loss in the operative eye. What is the most likely Dx.
-Retinal detachment
221
A dendritic lesion is seen with fluorescein stain. What is the most likely Dx?
-Herpes keratitis
222
Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster ophthalmic us?
-Trigeminal nerve, CN 5
223
Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of Hutchinson's sign. What Dx does the patient have?
-Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
224
A patient presents with a dense corneal infiltrate and an epithelial defect seen with flourescein stain. What Dx should you be thinking of?
Corneal ulcer
225
A feathery border in an eye exam should make you think of what Dx?
-Fungal infection
226
A patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though something is in her eye. What it the likely Dx?
-Corneal abrasion (patient's scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia).
227
What is the Tx for subconjunctival hemmorage?
-Reassurance
228
A 19 year old male took an elbow to the face while playing basketball this morning. The whole left side of his face is swollen and he can't look up. What is the likely Dx?
-Orbital fracture
229
What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (hyphen)?
-child abuse until proven otherwise
230
A patient complains of seeing halos and rainbows around lights. She also complains of moderate photophobia? What is the most likely Dx?
-Glaucoma
231
How long after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show?
-6-12 hours
232
What is the term for eyelids that turn out?
-Ectropin
233
What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes?
-Irrigate, irrigate, irrigate
234
Colorblindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?
-Dominant X linked
235
What is the term for being nearsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
-Myopia, concave lenses
236
A college student presents with copious purulent drainage from one eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
-Niesserial conjunctivitis
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What is the first line Tx for orbital cellulitis?
-IV antibiotics, followed by 2 weeks of oral antibiotics
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What is the term for being farsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
-Hyperopia -convex
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What is tonometry used for?
-Determining intraocular pressure
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What is keratitis?
-inflammation of the cornea
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What is anterior uveitis?
-inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which includes the iris (colored part of the eye) and adjacent tissue, known as the ciliary body.
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What is Inclusion Conjuctivitis?
-conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia
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