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Opthalmology > New Ophthalmalogy > Flashcards

New Ophthalmalogy Flashcards

1
Q

Blepharitis is associated with what two other medical conditions?

A

-Rosacea and Seborhea

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2
Q

Inflamed lid without palpable bump and no pain

A

-blepharitis

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3
Q

painless nodular lesion of the eyelid

A

-chalazion

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4
Q

an obstruction o meibomian or Zeis tear glands causing a painless bump on the eyelid, TX?

A
  • chalazion

- Tx is warm compresses, if persistent I & D or steroid injection

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5
Q

painful nodular lesion of the eyelid

A

-Hordeolum, staph infection of either internal meibomian gland or external follicle of eyelash

Tx is warm compress, oral antibiotic if local cellulitis

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6
Q

this eye lid disorder causes excess air to the eye lid causing dryness

A

ectropion

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7
Q

this eyelid disorder causes irritation of the cornea by rubbing against it

A

entropion

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8
Q

infection of the orbital muscles and fat

A

-orbital cellulitis, spread behind the eye

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9
Q

infection of the skin of the eyelid and surrounding area

A

-periorbital cellulitis

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10
Q

decreased eye movement, pain with eye movement, and proptosis (forward movement of the eyeball)

A

-signs and DX for orbital cellulitis

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11
Q

most common bug for orbital cellulitis

A

staph/strep

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12
Q

Tx for orbital cellulitis

A

IV vanc plus ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ampicillin-sbuactam or piperacillin-tazobactam

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13
Q

If you need to confirm orbital cellulitis order what

A

CT scan

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14
Q

Tx for periorbital cellulitis

A

-oral ABX

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15
Q

predisposing factors for orbital cellulitis

A 
paranasal sinusitis
eye surgery
orbital trauma
dacryoscystitis
mucocele
inner ear infection
tooth infection
facial infections
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16
Q

orbital cellulitis can lead to what

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis and intracranial extension of orbital cellulitis lead to poor prognosis and may be life threatening

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17
Q

peripheral to central vision loss

A

Glucoma

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18
Q

central to peripheral vision loss

A

macular degeneration

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19
Q

begin glucoma screening at what age

A

40

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20
Q

think open angle glaucoma when cup to disk ratio is what

A

> 0.5

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21
Q

Schiotz tonometry positive for open angle glaucoma

A

> 21 mmHg

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22
Q

What in office PE do you do for glaucoma

A

peripheral field testing to confirm

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23
Q

Drugs to tx open angle guaucoma

A

topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, acetazolamide, dorzolamid

prostaglandins, latonoprost, bimatoprost

beta blockers, timolol, betaxolol

alpha antagonists, brimonidine

laser Tx , trabeculoplasty, or open surgery

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24
Q

Hallmark findings of acute angle closure glaucoma

A
  • injected conjunctiva
  • cloudy or “steamy” cornea
  • fixed, dilated pupil
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25
first line drugs for tx of acute angle closure glaucoma
- acetazolamide (Diamox) | - Methazolamied (Neptazane)
26
2nd line drugs for tx of acute angle closure glaucoma
timolol | pilocarpine
27
most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis
staph aureus, strep pnuemo, H flu, M cat
28
causes of cobblestoning of palpebral conjunctiva
viral or allergic conjunctivitis
29
most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus
30
the 3 causes of acute monocular vision loss (amaurogis fugal)
- retinal artery occlusion - optic neuritis - temporal artery neuritis/temporal arteritis
31
cherry red spot on macula and amaursosis fugal ( acute loss of vision in one eye)
retinal artery occlusion
32
most common cause of retinal artery occlusion
ruptured carotid plaque from ipsilateral carotid artery
33
other causes of retinal artery occlusion
``` a fib endocarditis valvular heart disease sickle cell anemia hypercoaguable states focal aterial disease/trauma autoimune vasculitis ```
34
how to you tx retinal artery occlusion
just like a stroke
35
Sx of retinal vein occlusion
often asymptomatic or loss or blurring of vision in one eye, seen with Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)
36
Tx for retinal vein occlusion
Ranibizumab (Lucentis) intravitreal steroids thrombolytics surgical intervention including vitrectomy
37
Funduscopy finding findings of "blood and thunder retina"
superficial retinal hemorrhages--central retineal vein occlusuion (CRVO)
38
guy with diabetic retinopathy now has floaters or small moving flashes of light
think retinal detachment as diabetic retinopathy causes degregation of the retina and can lead to detachment or small tears
39
tx of small tear of retina
ophthalmology referral
40
tx of retinal detachment
repair
41
PE of retinal detachment shows what
- visual field loss | - line of tear/detachment on fudus exam
42
fudul exam shows yellow retinal deposits
macular degeneration
43
what PE test is necessary for macular degeneration
Amsler grid
44
risk factors for macular degeneration
age smoking CAD family HX
45
Slow visual loss, Drusen (yellow retinal deposits)
Dry macular degeneration
46
Tx for Dry Macular Degeneration
Supportive, supplements
47
Rapid vision loss with macular degeneration, neovasculariztion
Wet macular degeneration
48
Tx of wet macular degeneration
Inravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) and anti-VEGF TX, laser TX
49
Acute inflammation and demyelinaion of the optic nerve
optic neuritits
50
What causes optic neuritis
multiple sclerosi most often (MS)
51
Guy has acute monocular vision loss, pain in affected eye, and sluggish pupillary response
optic neuritis--think MS | MRI for confirmation
52
Tx for optic neuritis
methylprdnisolone (Solu-Medrol) IV | neurology evaluation for eye and MS eval
53
retinopathy in an HIV patient is likely caused by what infectious agent
CMV, next toxoplasmosis
54
a blowout fx involves what ocular muscle
inferior rectus muscle entrapment
55
What nerve can be involved with a blowout fx and how would you recognize it?
-paresthesia in the gums, upper lip, and cheek
56
What direction would the globe be displaced in a blowout fx?
posterior displacement of the globe
57
What PE findings would you have in a blowout fx?
loss of EOM, paresthesia, diplopia (double vision), warrant CTto confirm orbital floor fx
58
swelling of the optic disk
Papilledema
59
swelling of the optic disk from intracranial pressure
Papiledema
60
What conditions could lead to intracranial pressure and Papiledema?
- tumor or bleed - cerebral edema - CSF outflow obstruction or overproduction
61
What tests do you need to do when you recognize Papiledema?
CT imaging and Lumbar puncture
62
What finding is diagnostic for intracranial pressure being increased?
increase opening pressure on lumbar puncture
63
What is the danger of increased intracranial pressure and not quickly treating when we see Papiledema?
blindness
64
If you see a hyphema in the absence of trauma what would you suspect?
- blood dyscrasia - coagulopathy look for hypo coagulable state or hemoglobinopathy

Opthalmology (3 decks)

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