Ophthalmology Flashcards
Inflammation of the eye (swelling, redness, heat etc)
Gritty irritation / itchiness
Watery discharge
Sudden onset
Rapidly progressive
Typically bilateral
Viral conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the eye (swelling, redness, heat etc)
Gritty irritation / itchiness
Purulent yellow discharge
Sudden onset
Very rapidly progressive
Typically bilateral
Morning crusting
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Watery itchy eyes
Bilateral symmetrical ocular involvement
Chemosis (a blister-like swelling of the conjunctiva)
Allergic conjunctivitis
Severe pain in the eye
Pain progresses over several days
Pain with eye movement
Photophobia
Eye watering
Reduced visual acuity
Tenderness to palpation of the eye
Scleritis
No / mild eye pain
Segmental redness
Foreign body sensation
Dilated episcleral vessels
Watering of the eye
Episcleritis
Photophobia
Severe ocular pain
Foreign body sensation
Hypopyon seen on examination
Keratitis
Unilateral symptoms
Dull aching red eye
Potentially reduced vision
Photophobia and miosis
Synechiae (abnormal pupil)
Anterior uveitis
Severe pain and nausea
Circumcorneal injection
Cloudy cornea
Eye is stony hard
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Tenderness, warmth, swelling and redness of the eyelid
Preseptal cellulitis
Painful eye and eye movements
Proptosis
Pyrexial
Sight threatening
Associated with paranasal sinusitis
Orbital cellulitis
Very painful eye
Very red eye
Decreasing vision and threatens sight
Endophthalmitis
Burning and itching of the eyelids
Worse in the morning
Bilateral
Redness on eyelid margins
Blepharitis
Firm, painless localised eyelid swelling
Slow development (over weeks)
Meibomian cyst
(chalazion)
Acute onset painful localised swelling near eyelid margin
Develops over several days
Typically unilateral
Stye
Sudden painless severe loss of vision
Relative afferent pupil defect
‘Thread-like’ arteries on fundoscopy
Pale opaque retina
Cherry-red spot at fovea
Retinal artery occlusion
Sudden painless loss of vision
Visual field defects
Flame and blot haemorrhages
Optic disc oedema
Macular oedema
Retinal vein occlusion
Painless visual field loss
Progressive
‘Curtain / shadow’ descending or ascending on field of vision
Sudden onset of floaters / flashes
Retinal detachment
Can present as an emergency
Acute red eye
Cloudy cornea
Visual loss with headache
Nausea and vomiting
Closed-angle glaucoma
Typically asymptomatic
Visual field defect
May have high intra-ocular pressure
Open-angle glaucoma
Gradual ‘hazy / blurred’ vision loss
Cataracts
‘Bulging’ eyes known as proptosis
Thyroid eye disease
Headache
Enlarged blind spot
Blurring of vision
Visual obscurations
Loss of vision
Nausea and vomiting
Papilloedema
Misalignment of the eyes
Reduced visual acuity
Diplopia (double vision)
Asthenopia (eye strain)
Asymmetrical corneal reflections
Strabismus
