Haematology Flashcards
Breathlessness, fatigue
Headaches, palpitations
Faintness, pallor
Brittle nails, koilonychia
Angular stomatitis
Microcytic anaemia
Mainly iron deficiency anaemia
Anaemia symptoms
Weight loss
Diarrhoea
Sore tongue
Jaundice
Neurological effects
Megaloblastic anaemia
B12 / folate deficiency
Presents between 6-24 months
Pallor
Failure to thrive
Hepatosplenomegaly
Skeletal changes
Organ damage
B Thalassaemia major
Vaso-occlusive crises
Acute chest syndrome
Pulmonary hypertension
Anaemia symptoms
Sickle cell anaemia
Acutely ill and shocked
Profound bleeding / bruising
Thrombotic events
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Excessive bleeding after injury
Excessive bleeding after surgery
Otherwise well
Mild haemophilia
Recurrent hemarthroses
Recurrent soft tissue bleeds
Prolonged bleeding after dental extractions, surgery etc
Severe haemophilia
Young at presentation
History of recent viral illness
Bruising
Bleeding - gums, epistaxis
Purpuric rash
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Classic pentad of fever, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure and neurological symptoms
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Weakness / fatigue
Older presentation
Joint pains
Impotence
Arthritis
Cirrhosis
Diabetes
More susceptible to infection (sepsis)
Iron overload
Hot swollen lower limb
Pitting oedema
Mild fever
Deep vein thrombosis
Acute onset dyspnoea
Pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Pulmonary embolism
DVT / OE
Livedo reticularis
Migraines
Miscarriage
Multiorgan infarctions
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Anaemia / infections / bleeding
Most common childhood cancer
Pancytopenia
Bone pain
Presence of ‘blasts’
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Anaemia / infections / bleeding
Presence of ‘blasts’
Common in patients > 60
Acute myeloid leukaemia
Splenomegaly
Hypermetabolic symptoms
Gout
High WBC initially
Can end up with pancytopenia
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
Older patients
Often asymptomatic
Infections / anaemia / bleeding
Weight loss
Can cause warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Lymphadenopathy
‘B’ symptoms - fever, night sweats, weight loss
Itching without rash
Lymphoma
Bone pain
Anaemia symptoms
Recurrent infections
Renal failure symptoms
Hypercalcaemia symptoms
Myeloma
May be asymptomatic
Gout
Weight loss, fatigue
Night sweats
Splenomegaly symptoms
Marrow failure
Headache
Aquagenic pruritis
Polycythaemia vera
May be asymptomatic
Gout
Fatigue, weight loss, sweats
Marrow failure
Splenomegaly symptoms
Thrombosis
Unpredictable bleeding risk
Essential thrombocytopenia
May be asymptomatic
Marrow failure
Bone marrow fibrosis
Extramedullary haematopoiesis
Night sweats, weight loss
Idiopathic myelofibrosis
Weakness
Dyspnoea
Renal manifestations - heavy proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, impaired renal function
Heart involvement common
AL amyloidosis
Night sweats, weight loss
Hyperviscosity
Occasionally:
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
Marrow failure
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia
