ophthalmology Flashcards
What is normal schemer tear test values, IOP in dog and cat
STT >15 mm/min dogs, >9 mm/min in cats
IOP 10-20 mmHg in eyes without anterior uveitis, <10 mmHg in eyes with anterior uveitis or significant lower than a contralateral eye without uveitis
Why should hydrocortisone not be used locally in uveitis
Doesn’t penetrate the cornea. Use prednislon acetate 1% (if no ulcer)
Give one breed predisposed to primary glaucoma
Cocker spaniel, basset hounds, beagles, chow chow, shar-pei
Give three common causes of secondary glaucoma
Anterior uveitis, lens luxation, intraocular neoplasia
What is the mechanism of action of latanoprost in glaucoma tx
Prostaglandin (prostacyclin keeps the drainage cyclin). Increases drainage by causing intense miosis leaving more space for drainage
When in glaucoma tx is latanoprost contraindicated
Anterior lens luxation. Will cause miosis behind the luxated lens and further impair outflow of fluid. Careful in uveitis as will increase inflammation and the miosis will increase stickiness between iris and lens – less drainage of aqueous
What is the mechanism of action of methazolamide and dozolamide in glaucoma
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Reduced production of aqueous
Give two local medications for glaucoma
Latanoprost, methazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
What inciting issue should the eye be examined for in a terrier with glaucoma
Often secondary glaucoma due to lens luxation
In corneal laceration, 3 important points to consider
Partial or full thickness. Aqueous leak or not. Lens involvement.
Give 2 signs the lens is damaged in full thickness corneal lacerations
Fibrin clot in anterior lens, focal cataract, iris laceration, (melanotic tissue in anterior chamber – suspicious)
State 2 prognostic factors for globe poptosis
Skull formation, pupil reactivity, severity of trauma to the globe and periocular structures
Shortly describe how to reposition a globe proptosis
3 sutures at lid margin, scalpel handle beneath suture on lubricated cornea, replace eye lids. Tarsorrhaphy for approx. 3-4 weeks. Local antimicrobial, atropine, systemic broad spectrum antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory steroids
What ophthalmological condition can sulfa treatment cause
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Why do we need life saving eye lube in the icu
Decreased tear production in canine icu patients. Average STT 24,5 mm/min versus 13.2 mm/min in non icu px