ophthalmology Flashcards
cornea damage
doesn’t transparent light
vision problems
like broken camera lens
can transplant it
your vision becomes worse as you age because
lens thins out and makes it hard to see
the retina
The macula
5 mm in diameter
centre of the macula is called the fovea
part of the retina that is the most densely packed with ‘seeing
cells’ - especially cones.
The choroid
layer of tissue behind the retina
contains many tiny blood vessels. These help to take oxygen
and nutrients to the retina.
Bruch’s membrane
a thin membrane which helps to form a barrier between the
choroid and the delicate retina.
The sclera is the outer thick white layer of the eye.
cataracts
you don’t know they happen, change is very gradual
different types-
age related
congenital - white lesion
toxic/Drug related
traumatic
systemic disease
cataracts treatment
none
surgery - phaecoemulsification
intraocular lens implant
glaucoma
increased pressure inside the eye
most common cause of blindness in
over 60s in the western world
preventable
Acute & Chronic
Optic neuropathy
Visual field defects
glaucoma
gradual or sudden
mild attacks - pain and haloes
symptoms relieved by sleeping
full blown attacks - rapid deterioration
intense pain
redness and watering of the eye
sensitivity to bright light
haloes around lights
nausea and vomiting
armd
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
build up of cellular waste under the retina
affects ability to see
Drusen type
Atrophy (Dry)
Neovascularisation (Wet
dry armd
most common type
slow atrophy of photoreceptors in macula
there is no treatment
wet armd
dry armd + leakage of blood and fluid
laser sometimes helps
visual distortion
still have peripheral vision
armd
Treatment
None may be possible/needed
Dietary vitamin/anitoxidant
supplements
Activated Laser (phototherapy)
Intravitreal injections
Anti VEGF drugs (lucentis)
diabetic eye disease
Cataract
Glycaemic Vessel Damage
Leakage, microanneurysms,
haemorrhage
Ischaemia
Neovascularisation - Haemorrhage & fibrosis
screening - photo of retina
pathology
leakage of fluid from dilated capillaries
ischemia
retinal ischaemia
Closure of retinal capillaries
Ischaemia
Most pronounced in retinal mid periphery
release of vasoactive substances
Neovascularisation
Retinal damage from leakage from weak blood
vessels
