milestones, screening and vaccinations

Question 1

screening

Answer 1

Previously for every child
6-8 weeks health check
8 months
2 years
3-4 years

Now much more targeted and opportunistic approach

check milestones
check vaccination
deliver health promotion - and h&s
traget supervision and interventions to risk groups

School entry provides opportunity =
Personal social & emotional development
Physical development
Communication skills
Includes hearing and vision assessment

Question 2

at 1 month

Answer 2

Able to raise head from surface when lying on tummy
Pays attention to someone’s face in thier direct line of vision
Moves arms and legs in an energetic manner
Likes to be held and rocked

Question 3

at 2 month

Answer 3

Smiles and coos
Rolls part way to side when lying on back
Grunts and sighs

Question 4

at 3 month

Answer 4

Eyes follow a moving object
Able to hold head erect
Grasps objects when placed in their hand
Babbles

Question 5

at 4 months

Answer 5

Holds a rattle for an extended period of time
Laughs out loud
Sits supported for short periods of time
Recognizes bottle and familiar faces

Question 6

at 5 month

Answer 6

ches for and holds objects
Stands firmly when held
Stretches our arms to be picked up
Likes to play peek-a-boo

Question 7

at 6 month

Answer 7

Turns over from back to stomach
Turns toward sounds
Sits with a little support (1 hand bracing)
Persistently reaches for objects out of their reach
Listens to own voice
Crows and squeals
Reaches for and grasps objects and brings them to mouth
Holds, sucks, bites coookie or cracker begins chewing

Question 8

7 month

Answer 8

Can transfer object from one hand to the other
Can sit for a few minutes without support
Pats and smiles at image in mirror
Creeps (pulling body with arms and leg kicks)
Is shy at first with strangers

Question 9

8 months

Answer 9

Can sit steadily for about 5 minutes
Crawls on hands and knees
Grasps things with thumb and first two fingers
Likes to be near parent

Question 10

9 month

Answer 10

Says Ma-ma or Da-da
Responds to name
Can stand for a short time
Able to hit two objects together on their own
Copies sounds

Question 11

yes 10 + 11 month

Answer 11

10 months
Able to pull self up at the side of crib or playpen
Can drink from a cup when it is held
11 months
Can walk holding onto furniture
Can find an object placed under another object

Question 12

12 month

Answer 12

Waves bye-bye
Can walk with one hand held
Says two words besides Ma-ma and Da-da
Enjoys some solid foods
Finger feeds self
Likes to have an audience

Question 13

childhood vaccinations - why?

Answer 13

Prevent certain infectious diseases where the risks of vaccination are lower than the risks from the disease
Reduce or eliminate infectious diseases from the community by reducing the number of susceptible vectors

Risks are POPULATION risks – difficult to apply to an individual

Question 14

what vaccinations are available?

Answer 14

Diptheria
Tetanus
HIB
Typhoid
Polio
BCG
Pertusis
Rota virus
Pneumococcus
HPV
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Meningitis B & C
Varicella
Influenza
Covid-19

Question 15

recent changes to vaccines

Answer 15

Polio Vaccine
Previously ORAL polio vaccine
Now INACTIVATED polio vaccine

Meningitis Vaccines
Haemophilus Influenza B
Menincococcus B

Question 16

variations in vaccines

Answer 16

BCG
Can be given shortly after birth if high risk

Hepatitis B
Not a routine UK vaccine
Normal in some other countries
3 doses from 6 weeks of age
Live cancer protection

Question 17

refusing childhood immunisation

Answer 17

why?
Religious or Philosophical grounds
Prevent a ‘painful assault’ on the child
Benefits don’t outweigh the risks

Does refusal put THE CHILD at extreme personal risk (neglect)?

Does refusal put OTHERS at risk sufficient to warrant intervention on public health grounds