Ophthalmology

Question 1

What is the classic appearance of inactive fundic lesions?

Answer 1

Focal hyperreflective area +/- hyperpigmentation in the center

Question 2

Conjunctivitis in cats is associated with what two infectious organisms?

Answer 2

Feline herpesvirus, Chlamydia felis

Question 3

What is the most common cause of KCS in dogs?

Answer 3

Immune mediated destruction of the tear glands

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of KCS in dogs? In cats?

Answer 4

Dogs: redness, mucoid discharge, corneal ulceration
Cats: mild, persistent blepharospasm

Question 5

Name 4 potential causes of anterior uveitis in cats

Answer 5

FeLV, FIV, FIP, Toxoplasma, fungal disease

Question 6

What causes uveodermatologic syndrome in dogs?

Answer 6

Immune mediated destruction of the melanocytes in the eyes and skin

Question 7

Name three symptoms of uveodermatologic syndrome in dogs

Answer 7

Anterior uveitis, sudden loss of vision, loss of pigmentation to the skin and hair coat, ulcerative lesions at the mucocutaneous junction, nose, oral cavity

Question 8

How is anterior uveitis treated?

Answer 8

Topical steroids (NSAID if corneal ulcer is present). Atropine for painful miosis if present

Question 9

How does anterior uveitis affect ocular pressures?

Answer 9

Decreases ocular pressure - decreased production of aqueous humor from the ciliary body + increased resorption from inflammation

Question 10

Explain how diabetes mellitus and an increased amount of glucose in the lens leads to diabetic cataracts

Answer 10

Excessive glucose in the lens is metabolized by aldose reductase into sorbitol. Sorbitol accumulates in the lens and draws in water, damaging the lens fibers

Question 11

Why do cats rarely develop diabetic cataracts?

Answer 11

Low levels of aldose reductase in the lens

Question 12

What is the most common cause of cataract formation in cats?

Answer 12

Chronic anterior uveitis

Question 13

Extraocular polymyositis occurs in what breed? Describe the clinical symptoms

Answer 13

Golden Retrievers. Results in bilateral exopthalmus with normal retropulsion.

Question 14

Describe the diagnosis and treatment of extraocular polymyositis

Answer 14

CT scan or MRI demonstrating enlarged extraocular muscles. Immune suppression

Question 15

Name 3 differentials for bilateral mydriasis

Answer 15

Glaucoma, retinal detachment, optic neuritis

Question 16

Name 3 differentials for bilateral mydriasis

Answer 16

Glaucoma, retinal detachment, optic neuritis

Question 17

What breeds are most predisposed to uveodermatologic syndrome?

Answer 17

Arctic breeds

Question 18

Dendritic ulcers are most common with what feline disease process?

Answer 18

Feline herpes virus

Question 19

Uveitis and corneal edema can develop ~7 days after receiving what vaccines?

Answer 19

Adenovirus

Question 20

Canine distemper virus results in what ocular lesions?

Answer 20

KCS, optic neuritis, gold medallion retinal lesions

Question 21

What is the most common intraocular mycosis?

Answer 21

Blastomycosis

Question 22

75% of diabetic dogs will develop cataracts with ____ months of diagnosis

Answer 22

12 months

Question 23

What is the most common primary tumor of the eye in dogs/cats?

Answer 23

Melanoma

Question 24

What tumor most commonly metastasizes to the eye?

Answer 24

Lymphoma