Ophthalmology

Question 1

A 67-year-old patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department reporting sudden onset visual disturbance, present for the past 3-hours.

He reports dark spots obscuring his vision in his left eye, with a red hue to his vision.

Based on the above information, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 1

Vitreous haemorrhage
~ red hue suggests this diagnosis

Question 2

If someone presents with sudden onset visual disturbance and reports seeing **dark spots **in their vision along with a red hue, what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Answer 2

Vitreous haemorrhage

Question 3

A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden visual loss in his right eye. He denies any pain and has never had anything like this before. He has a past medical history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

On inspection, the pupil is a regular shape and there is no evidence of trauma to the eye. Fundoscopy reveals a pale retina with a central red spot.

What is the most likely diagnosis?
What sign in the above description suggests this diagnosis more than anything else?

Answer 3

Central retinal artery occlusion

Central red spot (cherry red spot)
++ pale retina

Question 4

If someone presents with sudden, painless visual loss in one eye and fundoscopy reveals a pale retina with a cherry red spot, what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Answer 4

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 5

If someone presents with sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye and fundoscopy reveals a ‘stormy sunset’, what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Answer 5

Central retinal vein occlusion