Ophthalmology

Question 1

Physiological aims of treatment for acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 1

• Reduce aqueous secretion

- Pupillary constriction

Question 2

What do cotton wool spots on ophthalmoscopy represent?

Answer 2

Areas of pre-capillary arteriolar infarction and ischaemia that leads to retinal infarction

Question 3

Which types of glaucoma are myopic and hyperopic people more predisposed to?

Answer 3

Hypermetropia = acute angle closure glaucoma
Myopia = primary open angle glaucoma

Question 4

What is Argyll-Robertson pupil?

Answer 4

ARP and PRA:

Accommodation Reflex Present but Pupillary Reflex Absent

Question 5

What is Holmes-Adie pupil?

Answer 5

Slowly reacting pupil to light. Once constricted the pupil remains so for a while before dilating.

Slow accomodation and very poor reaction to light

Question 6

What visual field defect is seen in optic neuritis?

Answer 6

Central scotoma

Question 7

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 7

• Painful red eye
• Sudden vision loss
• Seeing halos
• Fixed dilated pupils not reactive to light
• Photophobia
• Headache

Question 8

Side effect of lantanoprost?

Answer 8

Browning of the iris, increased eye lash length

Question 9

Which eye drop medication causes pupillary constriction, blurred vision and headaches?

Answer 9

Pilocarpine

Question 10

Which class of eye medication should be avoided in patients with heart block? What should be given instead?

Answer 10

• Avoid beta blockers like timolol

- Give lantanoprost

Question 11

1st line treatment for conjunctivitis? For pregnant women?

Answer 11

• Topical chloramphenicol

- Topical fusidic acid