Ophthalmology

Question 1

Eye devleopment begins:

Answer 1

5 weeks gestation

Question 2

The retina develops from the ____

Answer 2

neuroectoderm of the forebrain

Question 3

The vascular and sclercorneal laters of the eyes develop from:

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

The lens is developed from:

Answer 4

surface ectoderm

Question 5

At ____ gestation the eyes close to light

Answer 5

30 weeks

Question 6

At _____ gestation the pupils react to light

Answer 6

32 weeks- 1 month

Question 7

At term infants vision is able to:

Answer 7

have conjugate horizontal gaze

visual fixation

Question 8

at 2 months infants’ vision is able to

Answer 8

have conjugate vertical gaze

Question 9

At 3 months infants’ vision

Answer 9

has well developed visual following

Question 10

At 6 months infants’ vision

Answer 10

has visual evoked potential at adult levels

Question 11

At 2 years vision:

Answer 11

optic nerve myelination is complete

Question 12

Pupillary light reaction is caused by

Answer 12

parasympathetic innervation->
constriction

sympathetic innervation–>
dilation

Question 13

Pupillary light reflex tests cranial nerve:

Answer 13

Cranial Nerve THREE

Intact response–> visual function of subcortex

Question 14

Pupillary light reflex develops at ____ weeks

Answer 14

30-32 weeks

well developed at 1 month

Question 15

Abnormal pupillary light reflex suggests:

Answer 15

HIE
IVH
Botulism

Subdural hematoma/mass (unilateral)

Question 16

Choroidal light reflex (Red reflex)

Answer 16

Presence of retinal blood vessels without obstruction between external corneal surface and retina

Question 17

Infants less than ____ weeks aren’t likely to have a red reflex

Answer 17

28 weeks

Question 18

The most common cause of an absent red reflex (LEUKOCORIA) is

Answer 18

cataracts

Question 19

Leukocoria can be caused by (9 causes)

Answer 19

Retinoblastoma

Coloboma

Retinopathy of prematurity

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

Retinal detachment/dysplasia

Vitreous hemorrhage

Intraocular inflammation

Medulloepithelioma

Meylinated nerve fibers

Question 20

____ is the exam finding of narrowly spaced eyes

Answer 20

Hypotelorism

Question 21

Hypotelorism is associated with

Answer 21

Holoprosencephaly

Meckel-Gruber

Trisomy 13

Williams

Question 22

Hypertelorism is the finding of

Answer 22

widely spaced eyes

Question 23

Hypertelorism is associated with

Answer 23

Apert

Cat-eye syndrome

CHARGE

Cri-du-chat

Crouzon

13q deletion

DiGeorge

Holt-Oram

Noonan

Trisomy 8

Question 24

Teratogens that can cause hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes):

Answer 24

Hydantoin

Isoretinoin