Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 Clin Skills > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial length of the eye?

A

23mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main refracting surfaces of the eye?

A

Cornea

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the centre of the retina?

A

Macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does image focus in myopia?

A

Before the retina

‘Short-sight’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does image focus in hypermetropia?

A

After the retina

‘Long-sight’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many bones comprise the eye orbit?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes double vision?

A

Misalignment of visual axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is in-sinking of the eye called?

A

Enopthalmos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does facial development occur in uterto?

A

4-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the optic vesicle develop?

A

4 weeks from forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is coloboma?

A

Disruption to eye development

Can occur to iris or retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main features of newborn eyesight?

A

Can not focus 20-30cm ways
High contrast
Cannot move between two images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main features of eyesight at 5-8 months?

A

Good colour vision by 5 months

Can crawl and reach for objects at

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main features of eyesight at 9-12 months?

A

Can spot small (2-3mm) object nearby

Watched faces and can imitate expressions

Searches for hidden objects after observing hiding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main features of eyesight at 24 months?

A

Complete myelinisation of the optic nerve - acuity is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main features of eyesight at 2-5 years?

A

Brain functions nearly adult

Analysis of complex visual scenes

17
Q

What are the main features of eyesight at 3 years?

A

Retinal tissue is mature

Child can do puzzles, draw a crude circle and but 2.5cm pegs into holes

18
Q

Define blindness

A

So blind that they cannot do any work for which eyesight is essential

19
Q

What are the most common forms of visual impairment

A

Cataract

Uncorrected refractive issues

20
Q

What are the consequences of visual impairment?

A 
3x more likely
to be unemployed
involved in a motor accident
suffer from mental illness
more likely to have a fall whilst walking
21
Q

Where do 60% of the world’s blind live?

A

subsaharan africa, china and india

22
Q

How does trachoma lead to blindness?

A 
Active trachoma
Repeated infections lead to scarring of the eyelid
Trichiasis
Corneal opacity
Blindness
23
Q

How can avoidable causes of blindness be eliminated?

A

SAFE

Surgery
Antibiotics
Face Washing
Education and Environmental

24
Q

What us the most common cause of visual impairment in the UK?

A

Age related macular degeneration

Can be dry or wet

Visual loss accelerated in wet AMD

25
Q

How to avoid wet AMD?

A

Avoid cigarettes

Good nutrition and cardiovascular health

Anti-VEGF injection

26
Q

How do we diagnose diabetic retinopathy?

A

Screening programme

27
Q

How can diabetic retinopathy be partially controlled?

A

Good control - HbA1c

28
Q

What is first line treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Laser photocoagulation

BUT it is destructive

May stabilise but cannot restore vision

29
Q

What is diabetic maculopathy?

A

Leakage and bleeding at the macula

Treated by anti-VEGF injection

30
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

A progressive optic neuropathy characterised by typical optic disc changes and commensurate visual field defects

31
Q

Why is glaucoma actively screened for?

A

50% undiagnosed

32
Q

What is a cause of glaucoma?

A

Raised intra-ocular pressure

33
Q

What is cataract?

A

Clouding of the lens

34
Q

How are cataracts treated?

A

Intraocular lenses

35
Q

What is Thyroid Eye Disease?

A

Most common in Graves hypothyroidism

36
Q

What causes Thyroid eye disease?

A

Antibodies targeting antigens in the thyroid and orbit

  • Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor Ab
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone receptro TSHR Ab
37
Q

What can cause a life and sight threatening emergency?

A

Temporal Arteritis

Oculomotor nerve palsy

38
Q

What are the diagnosis criteria for temporal arteritis?

A

Age> 50
New headache
ESR > 50mm/h
Positive temporal artery biopsy

Year 3 Clin Skills (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions