Ophthalmic Pt Services & Education Flashcards
Keratoconjunctivitis
- lubricants are often used for treatment
- dry mouth may be associated
- pt may have arthritis
Reasons to apply pressure patch
- limit bleeding after surgical wound
- immobilize eyelids to promote corneal epithelial healing
- prevents eyelid movement
- limit bacteria from reaching eye
Superior rectus and inferior oblique
Pair of muscles that elevate the globe
Hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber
Structures involved in drainage of tears
- punctum
- canaliculus
- nasolacrimal duct
Ophthalmia neonatorum
conjunctivitis in newborn
Common infections in pts with AIDS
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes zoster
- toxoplasmosis
Follicular conjunctivitis
infectious disease caused by viruses and chlamydial organisms
Rheumatoid arthritis can cause:
- dry eye
- scleritis
- peripheral corneal ulceration
Trichiasis
eyelashes turned in
Entropian
eyelid margin turning in
Ectropian
eyelid margin turning out
Amblyopia
- lazy eye
* when vision development is suppressed during infancy or early childhood
Strabismus
misalignment of eyes
Pinguecula
degeneration of CONJUNCTIVA, forming small yellowish mass on the temporal or nasal side near the cornea
Aqueous vein
drains aqueous humor (not blood) from the eye
Cardiovascular System
- pumps blood throughout the body includes:
- ophthalmic artery
- carotid artery
- central retinal vein
Optic chiasm
location where optic nerve fibers cross
Where are floaters found?
vitreous
Pterygium
wedge-shaped/wing-shaped of conjunctival tissue that grows on CORNEA
Anterior chamber Angle
formed by junction of cornea and iris
Herpes Simplex Virus
- corneal infection can lead to scarring
- corneal infection characterized by dendritic pattern
- causes fever blisters or “cold sores”
- caused by chicken pox
Structures involved in creating focused visual image
- lens
- retina
- cornea
What structure blocks aqueous outflow channel in the anterior chamber in primary angle-closure glaucoma
iris
Ischemic process
reduction in blood flow to an organ or structure
i.e. heart attacks, strokes, retina artery occlusions
Neoplastic process
solid tissue growth or tumor that may be benign or malignant
i.e. Melanoma of choroid
Hydrophobic
resists water
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- elderly pt
- negative for POH
- nausea
- sudden onset pain OD
- blurred vision w/haloes around lights
Polycarbonate lenses
- recommended for safety glasses
* recommended for pts with vision in only one eye
Thyroid ophthalmology can cause:
- strabismus
* proptosis
Important in assessing glaucoma
- visual field
- measure corneal thickness
- IOP check
Ocular manifestations of systemic disease
- proptosis w/exposure keratopathy
- diabetic retinopathy
- sjogren syndrome
Cells found in conjunctiva
goblet cells
Part of eye involved in focusing light
Cornea and Lens
Open-angle Glaucoma
common in elderly
What tissues compose the uveal tract
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
What structure attaches to elevator muscle
tarsus
Common ocular manifestations of myasthenia gravis
ptosis and diplopia
Dacryocystitis
inflammation of lacrimal sac
Papilledema
caused by increased intracranial pressure
Hypopyon
layer of pus (white blood cells) in anterior chamber
Found in anterior segment of eye
- schlemm’s canal
- lens
- aqueous humor
Cells found in retina
- ganglion cells
- bipolar cells
- rod cells
Medial rectus
extraocular muscle that adducts the eye (turns it inward)
Varicella-zoster
painful skin eruptions across the left/right side of his forehead that extends onto his left/right (same side) scalp area
Structure that light passes through before reaching the photoreceptors (rods and cones)
ganglion cells
Optic Neuritis
- inflammation of the optic nerve
* associated with multiple sclerosis
Endothelium
corneal tissue that pumps fluid out of cornea
Range of the wavelengths of visual light
400 to 750 nanometers
Hormones produced by endocrine system
- thyroxine
- insulin
- estrogren
