Ophthalmic Pharmacology Flashcards
anesthetic agent drug ex?
opthane
staining agent? what could you use it for diagnostically?
fluorescein dye
can use to see dendritic figure of herpes keratitis
mydriatic and cycloplegic drug?
homatropine
mitotic drug?
pilocarpine
6 ways to administer drugs to have their end action on the eye?
intravitreal intracameral topical suprachoroidal systemic periocular
other names of dry eyes? MC cause? what can happen if left untreated
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
xerophthalmia
MC cause: contact lenses, but can also be caused by dry and windy environments
if left untreated can lead to corneal ulceration or ocular infection
non-pharm interventions for dry eyes?
avoid anticholinergics
no smoking
warm compresses
take breaks from reading/looking at electronic devices
pharm interventions for dry eyes?
artificial tears
topical cyclosporine solution (SE: stinging, redness)
oral omega-6 FAs
causes of conjunctivitis? how each presents?
allergic: itchy, mild redness, watery eyes w/some lid swelling
viral: often assoc w/URI; watery d/c, itch, usu involving both eyes
bacterial: dt common pyogenic bacteria such as staph; causes marked irritation and grey or yellowish d/c
ways to tx allergic conjunctivitis?
avoid allergens: pollen, gust, animal dander, mold, cosmetics, etc
mild tx: cool compress + antihistamine/decongestant + lubricant
moderate tx: cool compress + antihistamine/decongestant + lubricant + mast cell stabilizer
severe tx: cool compress + antihistamine/decongestant + lubricant + steroid + NSAID + mast cell stabilizer
how does a decongestant work to help w/allergic conjunctivitis? examples?
constricts the dilated arterioles assoc w/conjunctiva
ex: tetrahydrozoline, naphazoline, phenylephrine
what are 2 decongestant/antihistamine combos?
antazoline/naphazoline
pheniramine/naphazoline
how do antihistamines work? 3 examples?
work by blocking H1 receptor sites
ex: azelastine hydrochloride, emedastine, olopatadine
3 examples of mast cell stabilizers?
ketotifen, cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium
4 NSAIDs?
ketorolac, diclofenac sodium, flurbiprofin, suprofen
drug of choice to tx bacterial conjunctivitis?
0.3% tobramycin solution or ointment, polymyxin B/Trimethoprim