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Pharm I > Autonomic Nervous System Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

acetylcholine category?

A

parasympathomimetic

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2
Q

acetylcholine MOA?

A

muscarinic & nicotinic agonist

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3
Q

bethancehol category?

A

parasympathomimetic

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4
Q

bethanechol MOA?

A

muscarinic agonist

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5
Q

pilocarpine category?

A

parasympathomimetic

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6
Q

pilocarpine MOA?

A

muscarinic agonist

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7
Q

neostigmine category?

A

parasympathomimetic

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8
Q

neostigmine MOA?

A

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

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9
Q

malathione category?

A

parasympathomimetic

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10
Q

malathione MOA?

A

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor

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11
Q

atropine category?

A

parasympatholytic

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12
Q

atropine MOA?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

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13
Q

scopolamine category?

A

parasympatholytic

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14
Q

scopolamine MOA?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

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15
Q

ipratropium (atrovent) category?

A

parasympatholytic

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16
Q

ipratropium (atrovent) MOA?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

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17
Q

EPI category?

A

sympathomimetic

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18
Q

EPI MOA?

A

stimulates alpha & beta receptors

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19
Q

phenylephrine category?

A

sympathomimetic

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20
Q

phenylephrine MOA?

A

alpha 1 receptor agonist

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21
Q

clonidine (catapres) category?

A

sympathomimetic

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22
Q

clonidine (catapres) MOA?

A

alpha 2 receptor agonist

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23
Q

isoproterenol category?

A

sympathomimetic

24
Q

isoproterenol MOA?

A

beta 1 and 2 receptor agonist

25
Q

albuterol category?

A

sympathomimetic

26
Q

albuterol MOA?

A

beta 2 receptor agonist

27
Q

amphetamine category?

A

sympathomimetic

28
Q

amphetamine MOA?

A

stimulates the release of NE and dopamine

29
Q

phenelzine category?

A

sympathomimetic

30
Q

phenelzine MOA?

A

MAO inhibitor

31
Q

prazocin (minipress) category?

A

sympatholytic

32
Q

prazocin (minipress) MOA?

A

alpha 1 receptor antagonist

33
Q

propranolol category?

A

sympatholytic

34
Q

propranolol MOA?

A

beta 1 & 2 receptor antagonist

35
Q

metoprolol category?

A

sympatholytic

36
Q

metoprolol MOA?

A

beta 1 receptor antagonist

37
Q

reserpine category?

A

sympatholytic

38
Q

reserpine MOA?

A

promotes release of NE and reduces re-uptake resulting in depletion of NE stores

39
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases; acts on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors; quaternary ammonium group invokes a polarity
predicted actions: Short half-life (sec); diffuse activity; limited distribution
uses: local opthalmic use if other options aren’t available

A

acetylcholine

40
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Not metabolized by esterase enzymes; quaternary ammonium compound; particular affinity for the gut and bladder smooth muscle; oral administration is preferred
predicted actions: Longer half-life allows for distribution to areas of low perfusion; no CNS effect
uses: post-op gastroparesis, urinary retention, xerostomia, ocular diagnostics

A

bethanechol

41
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Resistant to esterases; plant origin, tertiary ammonium compound; preferential activity on sweat glands
predicted actions: Will cause accomodation; may cause CNS effects at high plasma levels; duration of action is up to 8 hours
uses: glaucoma, xerostomia
SEs: diaphoresis

A

pilocarpine

42
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Contains an ester group - slowly hydrolyzed (half-life is 1-2hrs); quaternary ammonium compound; poorly absorbed orally
predicted actions: Elevates Ach levels; causes both muscarinic and nicotinic stimulation
uses: miosis, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, antidote to atropine, atonic gut or bladder

A

neostigmine

43
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Not hydrolyzed by esterase enzymes; binds covalently to esterase enzymes; tertiary ammonium compound; rapidly absorbed through multiple routes
predicted actions: causes SLUD & other ANS activities, causes CNS distribution, chemical weapon
uses: insecticide, chemical warfare, not used medically
atropine is antidote

A

malathione

44
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Resistant to hydrolysis by esterases; plant origin, tertiary ammonium compound; metabolized in liver with a half-life of 4hrs
predicted actions: Inhibits SLUD and other parasympathetic activities
uses: mydiasis, cycloplegia, antidote to parasympathomimetics, diarrhea, historical asthma tx

45
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Greater CNS distribution than atropine; similar to atropine otherwise; plant source - Hyocyamus niger
predicted actions: Greater CNS effects/abuse potential than atropine; used less frequently
uses: Motion sickness

A

scopolamine

46
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Quaternary ammonium compound; minimal inhibition of mucociliary clearance
predicted actions: No CNS effects; bronchodilation; limited mucous accumulation
muscarinic antagonist

A

ipratropium

47
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Metabolized in many tissues; more Beta and Alpha activity; ineffective orally
predicated actions: Very short half-life (min)
uses: Cardiac emergencies; bronchospasm; adjunct to local anesthesia

A

ephinephrine

48
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Limited access to CNS; effective orally
uses: Nasal decongestant; mydriatic
SEs: rebound congestion, increased peripheral resistance, reflex bradycardia

A

phenylephrine

49
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Crosses BBB; prefers alpha receptors in the brainstem; long half-life and duration of action; diminish discharge from medular vasomotor center; effective orally
uses: Antihypertensive
SEs: Dry mouth; sedation; sexual dysfunction

50
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Metabolized by COMT; short duration of action
predicted actions: Tachycardia; bronchodilation; replaced by more selective beta agonists
uses: Cardiac arrest

A

isoproterenol

51
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Limited CV effects; duration of action is several hours; effective orally or by inhalation
uses: Bronchodilator
SEs: weak and ocassional tachycardia, vasodilation

52
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Enters the CNS; Inhibits MAO
predicted actions: Vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, inc. BP; mydriasis - NE; CNS stimulation: euphoria, insomnia, anxiety, loss of appetite, hyperthermia
uses: narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD
highly abused, controlled substance

A

amphetamine

53
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Readily absorbed; crosses BBB; increases synaptic catecholamine levels
uses: antidepressant

A

phenelzine

54
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Highly protein bound (only 5% free); effective orally
uses: HTN

55
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Very lipid soluble; significant 1st pass metabolism; highly variable plasma levels
uses: Antihypertensive; antiangina; antiarrythmic

A

propranolol

56
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Similar to propranolol

uses: Antihypertensive without risk to asthma and diabetic patients

A

metoprolol

57
Q

distinguishing characteristics: Derived from plant; transitory sympathomimetic followed by prolonged sympatholytic effect; Antiquated for therapeutic use - more for research
uses: anti-HTN

Pharm I (18 decks)

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