Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals Flashcards
1
Q
Corticosteroids
A
- Anti-inflammatory at low dose, Immunosuppressant at high dose
- MoA: Inhibit phospholipase A2 enzyme + prevents release of arachinidonic Acid
- Treats Iritis + conjunctivitis
- Drug example: Predforte (Strong steroid), Alrex (Mild steroid)
- Adverse effects: Elevated IOP, Cataract (Long use of corticosteroid)
2
Q
NSAID’s
A
- MOA: Inhibit Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 + COX-2)
- OPHTHALMIC USE: Treat pain and inflammation after cataract surgery, off-label for pain management
- DRUG EXAMPLES: Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium gel), Propensa (Bromfenac Sol.)
- ADVERSE EFFECTS: Burning, stinging, Hyperemia (redness)
3
Q
Corticosteroid/Antibiotic combo
A
- OPHTHALMIC USE: Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- DRUG EXAMPLE: Blephamide (Sulphonamide antibiotic with corticosteroid - Susp. Or Ung.)
- DRUG EXAMPLE: Tobradex (Aminoglycoside antibiotic with Corticosteroid - Susp. Sol. Or Ung.
- ADVERSE EFFECTS: Allergic reactions, Elevated IOP
4
Q
Immuno-modulators
A
Modify immune system - Either Immunostimulators (Enhance immune system against disease/conditions) or immunosuppressants (Reduce immune response)
- DRUG EXAMPLE: Restasis - MoA: inhibits Inflammation in tear glands - OPHTHALMIC USE: Dry eye disease - ADVERSE EFFECTS: Conjunctival hyperemia, stinging, blurry vision
- DRUG EXAMPLE: Xiidra - MoA: Interferes with inflammatory cycle - OPHTHALMIC USE: Inflammatory dry eye disease - ADVERSE EFFECTS: Burning, stinging, irritation