operattioms fundamentals (business)

Question 2

voltage

Answer 2

amount of energy per charge available to
move electrons from one point to another in a circuit.

Question 3

current

Answer 3

the rate of charge flow and is measured in
amperes.

Question 4

Resistance

Answer 4

Resistance is the opposition to current and is measured in ohms.

Question 5

Ohms Law

Answer 5

V = IR

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

ability to do work

Question 7

power

Answer 7

rate at which energy is used (watts)

Question 8

Watt’s law

Answer 8

P = I x V

Question 9

power supply efficiency

Answer 9

Efficiency of a power supply is a measure of how well it Converts ac to dc. η=(POUT/PIN)×100%,

Question 10

Series Circuits

Answer 10

only one current path hence current everywhere is the same

Question 11

series circuit total resistance

Answer 11

total resistance of resistors in series is
the sum of the individual resistors.

Question 12

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Answer 12

The sum of all the voltage drops around a single closed path in a circuit is equal to the total source voltage in that closed path, KVL applies to all circuits, but you must apply it to
only one closed path. In a series circuit, this is (of
course) the entire circuit.

Question 13

Voltage Divider rule

Answer 13

The voltage drop across any given resistor in a series circuit is equal to the ratio of that resistor to the total resistance, multiplied by source voltage

Question 14

resistors in parallel

Answer 14

Resistors that are connected to the same two points are said to be in parallel

Question 15

parallel circuit

Answer 15

parallel circuit is identified by the fact that it has
more than one current path (branch) connected to a common voltage source

Question 16

parallel circuit rule for resistance

Answer 16

The total resistance of resistors in parallel is
the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of
the individual resistors.

Question 17

Kirchhhoff’s current law

Answer 17

The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node

Question 18

parallel current sources algebraically

Answer 18

Current sources in parallel can be combined algebraically into a single equivalent source

Question 19

Current Divider Rule

Answer 19

In = ITotal (RTotal / Rn)

Question 20

Superposition Theorem

Answer 20

a way to determine
currents and voltages in a linear circuit that has
multiple sources by taking one source at a time and
algebraically summing the results

Question 21

Thevenin’s Theorem

Answer 21

any two-terminal,
resistive circuit can be replaced with a simple
equivalent circuit when viewed from two output
terminals.

Question 22

Vth

Answer 22

VTH is defined as
the open circuit voltage between the two
output terminals of a circuit

Question 23

Rth

Answer 23

defined as the total resistance appearing between the two output terminals when all sources have been replaced by their internal resistances.

Question 24

Norton’s Theorem

Answer 24

any linear circuit can be simplified to an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source and parallel resistance that is connected to a load

Question 25

Norton’s Theorem I N

Answer 25

he output current when the output
terminals are shorted

Question 26

Norton’s Theorem

Answer 26

the total resistance appearing between
the two output terminals when all sources have been replaced by their internal resistances

Question 27

Maximum power transfer

Answer 27

maximum power is transferred from a source to a load when the load resistance is equal to the internal source resistance. Theorem assumes the source voltage and resistance are fixed

Question 28

Loop Current Method

Answer 28

In the loop current method, you can solve for the
currents in a circuit using simultaneous equations.
Loop current method
Steps:
1. Assign a current in each loop in an arbitrary
direction.
2. Show polarities according to the assigned direction
of current in each loop.
3. Apply KVL around each closed loop.
4. Solve the resulting equations for the loop currents

Question 29

Node Voltage Method

Answer 29

In the node voltage method, you can solve for the
unknown voltages in a circuit using KCL.
Node voltage method
Steps:
1. Determine the number of nodes.
2. Select one node as a reference. Assign voltage
designations to each unknown node.
3. Assign currents into and out of each node except the
reference node.
4. Apply KCL at each node where currents are assigned.
5. Express the current equations in terms of the voltages
and solve for the unknown voltages using Ohm’s law