Operative Dentistry Flashcards
What is the chemical formula for Hydroxyapatite?
Ca10(PO4)(OH)2
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/183/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645726303)
_______ is the main component of enamel and dentin.
carbonate-substitute hydroxyapatite (CHA)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/185/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645726386)
Discuss the shape of an enamel rod or prism in regards to what is the weakest part:
Enamel rods have a head and a tail. The tail tends to be more organic and have less mineral content thus making it more susceptible to decay.
***BOARDS***
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How does carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite affect the solubility of enamel?
Carbonate-substitution increases solubility of hydroxyapatite (easier to decay)
On the outer part of enamel has more fluoroapatitite making it more difficult to decay. The closer you go to the DEJ in enamel the more carbonate-substitution their is making it easier to decay.
The deeper the cavity prep the more soluble (easier to decay) the hydroxyapatite . So closer to the DEJ the easier the tooth will decay
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Discuss how bacteria demineralizes teeth:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/192/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645727412)
Discuss the Stephan Curve in regards to each of the following:
- What is the pH of the mouth normally?
- What is the critical pH of tooth enamel? (The pH where tooth will begin demineralizing)
***ALWAYS ON BOARDS (Stephen Curve)***
Mouth = pH 7
Critical pt = pH 5.5
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/194/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645727703)
What are the 3 benefits of fluoride?
- Remineralization of tooth structure (shifting equilibrium to the left)
- Decreasing enamel solubility (lowering the critical pH)
- Interfering w/ metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/197/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645727913)
What is the critical pH for each of the following:
- Enamel (FA- Fluoroapatite) = ?
- Enamel (CHA- carbon-substituted hydroxyapatite) = ?
- Dentin and Cementum = ?
Critical pH
Enamel (FA) = 4.5 pH (harder to demineralize)
Enamel (CHA) = 5.5 pH
Dentin and Cementum = 6.2-6.7 pH (more vulnerable)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/198/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645728143)
Discuss Caries in regards to each of the following:
- What is the ADA definition of caries?
- Modified Keyes-Jordan diagram?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/201/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645729930)
Discuss the progress of lesions in regards to each of the following:
- Pit and fissure lesions shape = ?
- Smooth-surface lesions shape (interproximal) = ?
- Root-surface lesions shape = ?
***FORSURE BOARDS Q***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/203/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645730157)
Deeper, dry, leathery, demineralized but not invaded by bacteria describes which of the following:
A. Infected dentin
B. Affected dentin
B. Affected dentin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/205/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645730289)
Superficial, wet, soft mushy and necrotic are all characteristics of which of the following?
A. Infected dentin
B. Affected dentin
A. Infected dentin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/207/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645730370)
Discuss the progression of lesions in regards to each of the following:
- Intact surface?
- Cavitation?
- How long may it take to form an actual enamel cavitation (cavity)?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/208/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645730526)
What is the correct order of the progression of a carious lesion?
- Dentin cavitation
- Enamel cavitation
- Enamel demineralization
- Dentin demineralization
***HE GOT A BOARD Q ON THIS***
Enamel demineralization –> Dentin demineralization –> Enamel cavitation —> Dentin cavitation
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/209/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645730882)
Which of the following is on smooth surface, appears opaque white when air-dried and seems to disappear when wet?
A. Incipient/Reversible lesion
B. Cavitation/Irreversible lesion
A. Incipient/Reversible lesion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/213/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731181)
________ is characterized as enamel surface is broken (not intact) and usually the lesion has advanced into the dentin.
A. Incipient/Reversible lesion
B. Cavitation/Irreversible lesion
B. Cavitation/Irreversible lesion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/216/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731302)
Which of the following is characterized as: covers three or more surfaces of a tooth (MOD, MODFL)?
A. Simple caries
B. Compound caries
C. Complex caries
D. Secondary caries
E. Residual caries
C. Complex caries
Simple = one surface
Compound = 2 surfaces
Complex = 3 or more surfaces
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Which of the following is characterized as: covers one surface of a tooth (Occlusal)?
A. Simple caries
B. Compound caries
C. Complex caries
D. Secondary caries
E. Residual caries
A. Simple caries
Simple = one surface
Compound = 2 surfaces
Complex = 3 or more surfaces
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/219/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731610)
Which of the following is characterized as: covers two surfaces of a tooth (MO, DO)?
A. Simple caries
B. Compound caries
C. Complex caries
D. Secondary caries
E. Residual caries
B. Compound caries
Simple = one surface
Compound = 2 surfaces
Complex = 3 or more surfaces
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/220/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731664)
Which of the following is characterized as: occurs at junction of tooth and restoration indicating microleakage?
A. Simple caries
B. Compound caries
C. Complex caries
D. Secondary caries
E. Residual caries
D. Secondary caries
- Secondary caries = junction of tooth and restoration
- Residual caries = caries that remain in a completed tooth prep
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/222/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731787)
Which of the following is characterized as: caries that remain in a completed tooth prep?
A. Simple caries
B. Compound caries
C. Complex caries
D. Secondary caries
E. Residual caries
E. Residual caries
- Secondary caries = junction of tooth and restoration
- Residual caries = caries that remain in a completed tooth prep
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/224/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645731941)
Brown/black, hard, caries-resistant if exposed to fluoride (dentinal lesion has sclerotic dentin) describes which of the following?
A. Acute/Rampant caries
B. Chronic/Slow caries
C. Arrested caries
D. Primary caries
C. Arrested caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/225/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732237)
Rapidly damages tooth structure, light-colored, soft, infectious describes which of the following?
A. Acute/Rampant caries
B. Chronic/Slow caries
C. Arrested caries
D. Primary caries
A. Acute/Rampant caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/226/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732339)
Demineralized tooth structure that is almost remineralized, discolored and fairly hard describes which of the following?
A. Acute/Rampant caries
B. Chronic/Slow caries
C. Arrested caries
D. Primary caries
B. Chronic/Slow caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/228/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732386)
Which of the following is involved in dentinal caries?
A. S. Mutans
B. Lactobacillus
C. Actinomyces
D. S. Pyogenes
B. Lactobacillus
S. mutans = enamel caries
Lactobacillus = dentinal caries
Actinomyces = root caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/229/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732512)
Which of the following is associated w/ root caries?
A. S. Mutans
B. Lactobacillus
C. Actinomyces
D. S. Pyogenes
C. Actinomyces
S. mutans = enamel caries
Lactobacillus = dentinal caries
Actinomyces = root caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/230/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732558)
Which of the following is associated w/ enamel caries?
A. S. Mutans
B. Lactobacillus
C. Actinomyces
D. S. Pyogenes
A. S. Mutans
S. mutans = enamel caries
Lactobacillus = dentinal caries
Actinomyces = root caries
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/232/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732606)
Discuss Streptococcus mutans in regards to each of the following:
- What part of the tooth does S. Mutans cause caries?
- What type of bacteria is this (gram?)
- ______ is the “glue” that helps this bacteria stick to teeth.
- Acidogenic and aciduric?
- Bacteriocins?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/235/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645732897)
Which of the following components of Saliva are large molecules that agglutiniate (stick) bacteria together to help eliminate them through swallowing?
A. Glycoproteins
B. Lysozyme
C. Lactoferrin
D. Lactoperoxidase
E. sIgA
A. Glycoproteins
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/238/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733078)
Which of the following components of Saliva actively binds iron which is important for bacterial enzymes?
A. Glycoproteins
B. Lysozyme
C. Lactoferrin
D. Lactoperoxidase
E. sIgA
C. Lactoferrin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/240/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733292)
Which of the following components of Saliva are salivary antibodies against bacteria?
A. Glycoproteins
B. Lysozyme
C. Lactoferrin
D. Lactoperoxidase
E. sIgA
E. sIgA
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/241/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733344)
Which of the following components of Saliva destroys cell walls?
A. Glycoproteins
B. Lysozyme
C. Lactoferrin
D. Lactoperoxidase
E. sIgA
B. Lysozyme
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/246/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733397)
Which of the following components of Saliva inactivates some bacterial enzymes?
A. Glycoproteins
B. Lysozyme
C. Lactoferrin
D. Lactoperoxidase
E. sIgA
D. Lactoperoxidase
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/247/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733450)
What are the different components of saliva that help protect our teeth?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/248/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645733493)
Discuss each of the following clinical exams in regards to caries:
- Visual
- Drying?
- Incipient caries?
- Tactile
- Radiograph
- white spots?
- Enamel cavitation?
- Dentinal cavitation?
- Size of lesions radiographicall?
- PAs are for ? And BW are for?
- Transillumination
- Shine bright light through ________.
- Shadows indicate _____.
- Also used for distinguishing _____ and _______.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/250/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645738592)
All of the following are things that indicate a defective amalgam restoration EXCEPT?
A. Bluish hue
B. Proximal overhang
C. Marginal gap or ditching > 0.5mm
D. Voids
E. Fracture lines
A. Bluish hue
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/252/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739104)
______ is a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces.
A. Erosion
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Abfraction
E. Hypersensitivity
E. Hypersensitivity
Erosion = caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Abrasion = (crown-tooth) loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear
Attrition = (tooth-tooth) occlusal wear from functioning contacts w/ opposing natural teeth
Abfraction = loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure
Hypersensitivity = as a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces
***INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/253/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739302)
Which of the following is characterized as occlusal wear from function contacts with opposing natural teeth (tooth-tooth)?
A. Erosion
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Abfraction
E. Hypersensitivity
C. Attrition
Erosion = caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Abrasion = (crown-tooth) loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear
Attrition = (tooth-tooth) occlusal wear from functioning contacts w/ opposing natural teeth
Abfraction = loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure
Hypersensitivity = as a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces
***INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/254/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739412)
Which of the following is a loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear (crown-tooth)?
A. Erosion
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Abfraction
E. Hypersensitivity
B. Abrasion
Erosion = caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Abrasion = (crown-tooth) loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear
Attrition = (tooth-tooth) occlusal wear from functioning contacts w/ opposing natural teeth
Abfraction = loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure
Hypersensitivity = as a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces
***INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/256/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739477)
Which of the following is characterized as a loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure?
A. Erosion
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Abfraction
E. Hypersensitivity
D. Abfraction
Erosion = caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Abrasion = (crown-tooth) loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear
Attrition = (tooth-tooth) occlusal wear from functioning contacts w/ opposing natural teeth
Abfraction = loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure
Hypersensitivity = as a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces
***INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/257/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739534)
Which of the following is caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid?
A. Erosion
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Abfraction
E. Hypersensitivity
A. Erosion
Erosion = caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Abrasion = (crown-tooth) loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear
Attrition = (tooth-tooth) occlusal wear from functioning contacts w/ opposing natural teeth
Abfraction = loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure
Hypersensitivity = as a result of exposure of dentinal tubules in root surfaces
***INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/259/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645739737)
Discuss Root Surface Hypersensitivity in regards to each of the following:
- Hydrodynamic theory?
- GLUMA?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/261/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645740032)
What is the order of the caries Tx plan sequencing?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/263/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645740291)
Discuss the criteria for restoring teeth:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/267/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645740395)
Discuss Preventive Dentistry in regards to each of the following:
- Encourage ______ of incipient smooth-surface lesions)
- Treat caries-prone pits and fissure w/ _______.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/269/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645740490)
Review Dental hand instruments and instrument design:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/271/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645740595)
Review all of the non-cutting instruments:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/273/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741209)
Which of the following is used for the removal of carious dentin?
A. Scalers
B. Excavators
C. Chisels
B. Excavators
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/274/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741413)
According to the cutting instrument formula, which of the following is known as the blade length?
A. 1st number
B. 2nd number
C. 3rd number
D. 4th number
C. 3rd number
***BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/275/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741553)
According to the cutting instrument formula, which of the following is known as the blade width?
A. 1st number
B. 2nd number
C. 3rd number
D. 4th number
A. 1st number
***BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/279/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741621)
According to the cutting instrument formula, which of the following is known as the blade angle?
A. 1st number
B. 2nd number
C. 3rd number
D. 4th number
D. 4th number
***BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/281/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741657)
According to the cutting instrument formula, which of the following is known as the cutting edge angle?
A. 1st number
B. 2nd number
C. 3rd number
D. 4th number
B. 2nd number
***BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/283/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645741704)
Discuss Instrument Grasp in regards to each of the following:
- Pen vs Modified pen grasp?
- All grasps require _____ (fulcrum).
- Use ____ working radius
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/285/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645742147)
What is the best way to excavate caries?
***BOARDS****
Low-speed handpiece < 12,000rpm w/ a large round bur
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/286/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645742309)
Discuss rotary instruments such as each of the following below:
- Low-speed handpiece
- Medium-speed handpiece
- High-speed handpiece
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/287/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645742362)
What is another name for the foot pedal that activates the hand piece?
Rheostat
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/289/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645742459)
All of the following are true regarding diamond burs EXCEPT:
A. Better for end-cutting
B. Produce higher heat
C. Greater hardness
D. Better for side-cutting
A. Better for end-cutting
Carbide burs are better for end-cutting
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/291/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645742617)
Which of the following is 3mm long and has a 0.8mm diameter?
A. 245 bur
B. 330 bur
C. 169L
D. All of the above
A. 245 bur
***Will show up on BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/292/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645743095)
Which of the following is 1.5mm long and has a 0.8mm diameter?
A. 245 bur
B. 330 bur
C. 169L
D. All of the above
B. 330 bur
Note: 330 bur is pear shaped and the smaller size is helpful for pediatric preps
***BOARDS***
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/393/180/293/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1645743182)