Operations

Question 1

Just-in-time production

Answer 1

. Materials are ordered just-in-time
. Products are assembled just-in-time
. Finished goods are produced just-in-time
Nothing produced unless customers demand the product

Question 2

Advantages of just-in-time production

Answer 2

. Capital is not tied up in stock, can be used elsewhere
. More responsive to consumer demand
. Reduced stock deterioration, wastage theft
. Closer relationship with supplier
.savings are high 

Question 3

Disadvantages of just-in-time production

Answer 3

. Production may be disrupted of supplies do not arrive on time
. High dependency on the reliability of suppliers
. Increased ordering, admin, delivery costs
. May not be able to respond to sudden increase in demand
. No room for error
. May loose bulk buying discounts


Question 4

Capital intensive

Answer 4

. Process relies on machinery and equipment inside of human input
. Machinery is cheaper than wages
. Used when work is repetitive, constant output

Question 5

Advantages of capital intensive

Answer 5

.Can work 24 seven
. Standardised quality
.Fewer employees (wages)
. Less skilled workforce required

Question 6

Disadvantages of capital intensive

Answer 6

. Machinery/equipment is expensive
. Customisation difficulties
. Breakdowns can be expensive to fix
. Stop of production

Question 7

Labour intensive production

Answer 7

. Businesses use humans over machine

. Suitable where production process needs customise, bit more flexible

Question 8

Advantages of labour intensive production

Answer 8

. For creative industries
. Labour is readily available
. No expensive equipment is required
. Unique products

Question 9

Disadvantages of labour intensive production

Answer 9

. Expensive and time-consuming
. Training takes time
.Quality can really (mistakes)

Question 10

Batch production

Answer 10

. Groups of identical products are made at one time
. Different ingredients used for different groups
.One batch made, machines washed another one made

Question 11

Flow production

Answer 11

. Involves identical copies being made along a production line
. Continuous output of identical products 

Question 12

Automation production

Answer 12

Fully automated. This uses come (computer aided manufacture) to control fully automated assemble lines

Question 13

Mechanisation production

Answer 13

Refers to labour and machine is working together on the production process

Question 14

Advantages of automation production

Answer 14

. Accuracy is far greater because there is no human error
. Production time is quicker and can be repeated constantly with no errors


Question 15

Disadvantages of automation production

Answer 15

. Machinery breakdowns are expensive

. It’s causes unemployment to increase which has an economic impact on the country

Question 16

Advantages of Mechanisation production

Answer 16

. Using labour allows production issues to be flagged up quicker
. Labour can be trained in become an expert at operating machinery

Question 17

Disadvantages of mechanisation production

Answer 17

.The initial set up costs are high

.Labour needs to be trained which is an expense. They will probably also require training whenever machinery is updated

Question 18

How is quality important

Answer 18

. Poor quality can result in customer complaints which can lead to loss in sales and a bad review
. Low quality can lead to products not me and safety standards
.High quality products can attract customers , Good image, good reputation

Question 19

Advantages of the fair trade activities

Answer 19

. Can attract customers who agree with the principles
. Can improve the organisations reputation
. Can get awarded for being ethnical

Question 20

Disadvantages of the fair trade activities

Answer 20

. More expensive to operate this way
. Must ensure that the supply chain are also being ethical
. Decision-making can be time-consuming

Question 21

What is Quality control

Answer 21

We are all materials are inspected or Finnish goods are checked to see if they are of an acceptable standard before sale

Question 22

What is quality assurance

Answer 22

A method of prevention, where products are checked for quality at different stages in the production light

Question 23

What are the advantages of quality control

Answer 23

. Insures no faulty goods are sent to customers
. Limits the potential for a bad reputation as products are being doublechecked
. Cheap methods for ensuring quality

Question 24

Disadvantages of quality control

Answer 24

. Can you create a lot of waste
. Faulty products or thrown away
. Products have to be re-made from scratch cost the business time and money

Question 25

Advantages of quality assurance

Answer 25

. Less wastage which reduces cost | . Easy to identify where faults are occuring h on the production line

Question 26

Disadvantages of quality assurance

Answer 26

. Can slow down production process | . Increases cost and usually are designated QAmanager

Question 27

What is benchmarking

Answer 27

. A business compares its product with the best in the industry . The business will aim for these standards with its own products .Difficult for smaller businesses who may not have the same technology

Question 28

Advantages of bench making

Answer 28

. If successful the product will be as good as the best on the market . Save the business time in developing their own quality approach

Question 29

Disadvantages of benchmarking

Answer 29

. Can be difficult to gain competitors information | . When the best approved the business will be left behind

Question 30

What is quality circles

Answer 30

.A group of employees meet to discuss problems in the production process and how to solve them . Involves a wide variety of stuff from different levels of the hierarchy . Suggestions are then passed to management

Question 31

Advantages of quality circles

Answer 31

. Employees will be motivated as they will have a say in the decision-making . Management receive well informed suggestions as they are from employees who actually produce the products

Question 32

Disadvantages of quality circles

Answer 32

. Employees meet during a working day production time is lost . Suggestions are not always feasible therefore time is wasted

Question 33

Advantages of using technology

Answer 33

``` . Increases productivity-Technology faster . Reduces waste . Constant quality and more accurate . Reduces staff costs . Allows e-commerce to be used ```

Question 34

Disadvantages of technology

Answer 34

. Initial costs are high . Upgrades will need to happen . Staff training is costly .Computer virus/Hacking can happen

Question 35

Benefits of computer aided design

Answer 35

Reduces staff costs, reduces waste, | Consistent quality

Question 36

Disadvantages of computer aided design

Answer 36

Initial costs are high,Staff trained is costly, upgrades will need to happen