Operational Enviornment Flashcards
Define hybrid threat
A diverse and dynamic combination of conventional forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting threat effects
Define threat
Any combination of entities or forces that have the capabilities to cause harm to the US Homeland, US forces, or US national interest
Define operational variables
PMESII- PT
Fundamental to developing and understanding of the operational environment
What does PMESII- PT stand for?
Political Military Economic Social Information Infrastructure Physical Environment Time
What are mission variables?
Characteristics of the area of operations, focusing on how they might effect the mission.
What does METT- TC stand for?
Mission Enemy Terrain & weather Troops available Time available & Civil considerations
Define operational environment
The conditions, circumstances, and influences that effect the employment capabilities that bear on the decisions of the commander
What does MDMP stand for?
Military Decision Making Process used at BN or Higher
What are the 7 Steps of MDMP?
1) Receipt of mission 2) mission analysis 3) course of action development 4) course of action analysis (war game) 5) course of action comparison 6) course of action approval 7)order production, dissemination, and transition
Define the 8 step training module
A planning and execution tool for small units, and individual training events
What are the 8 steps in the 8 step training module?
1) plan the training event 2) train and certify leaders 3) reconnoiter the training site 4) issue the event operation order 5) rehearse 6) execute the training 7) conduct the AAR 8) conduct retraining
What is a static training environment?
has the aspects of operational variables needed to simulate mission variables that are fixed throughout the units execution of the tasks
What is a dynamic training environment?
Operational variables and threat TTP for assigned counter tasks that change in response to the execution of friendly force task
What is a complex training environment?
It requires a minimum of 4 or more operational variables to be replicated based on the task being trained
BDE of higher need all 8 operational variables
What is a single threat?
A conventional force, irregular force, criminal element, or terrorist force
What is a live training environment?
Real people operating real systems. Executed in field conditions using tactical equipment (FTX / LFX)
What is a virtual training environment?
- Real people operating simulated systems
- Computer generated battle fields in simulators with the approximate characteristics of tactical weapons systems and vehicles (EST, Live air trainer)
- Aka human in the loop training, used to exercise motor control, decision making, and communication skills
What is a constructive training environment?
Simulated people operating simulated systems. It uses computer models / simulations to exercise command and staff functions.
What is a gaming training environment?
A subset of a virtual training environment. Created capabilities to help train an organization
Define troop leading procedures
an extension of the MDMP to the small unit level. ( a dynamic process used by small unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for operation
What are the 8 troop leading procedures?
1) receive the mission 2) issue the warning order 3) make a tentative plan 4) initiate movement 5) conduct recon 6) complete the plan 7) issue the order 8) supervise and refine
Define area of operations
An operational area defined by the joint forces commander for land & maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their mission and protect their forces
Define area of interest
An area of concern to the commander including the area of influence, areas that extend into enemy territory. It also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission
What are the 3 training domains?
Institutional, operational, and self development
What is the army operations process?
Plan, Prepare, Execute, Asses
What is the single most type of meeting?
A training meeting
What is an AAR?
(After Action Review) a way of providing feed back to re-enforce and increase learning. It identifies deficiencies and seeks solutions
What is CATS?
(Combined Arms Training Strategy) it provides the unit with a good starting point to begin determining their requirements for training
What are the 2 types of evaluations?
Internal & External
What are the 4 basic categories nation states fall into?
Core States
Transition States
Rouge States
Failed or Failing States
Describe a decentralized reload?
Where the GMT is used to reload the LS
How much time is required to plan a table 8 reload?
16
If a canister has three 4 inch yellow squares what does this signify?
The canisters contains a live tactical round
What is CATS?
Combined Arms Training Strategy/ the end ways and means to achieve and sustain war fighting readiness for the average units
What is PA49?
Standard Analog Missile
How many personnel are required to certify at a fire unit table 8?
42
What is a WF81?
GEM T
What are the 3 core domains?
Institutional
Operational
Self Development
What is the clearance area for a missile hazard?
1250 ft
What is PL72?
PAC 3
What is a centralized Reload operation ?
Where the LSs go to BN ATP to be loaded and go back to the unit to fire
What is the missile heat time for PAC 2 missiles ?
Up to 25 min
What does a BRONZE colored marking signify on a missile canister ?
Empty or Ballast
Social Demographics and physical environment are examples of what?
11 variables of COE
Which of the 11 Variables of COE establishes boundaries between haves and the have nots ?
Economics
What may be the most critical and the most complex variable that effects military operations?
Military capabilities
Which of the 11 COE includes the cultural, religious, and the ethnic make up of a given region ?
Social Demographics
80% of all soldiers careers are spent which domain?
The operational domain
If a guided missile is dropped ________ inches it is considered hazardous.
12
What are the 3 types of training plans?
Long range
Short range
Near term
In the Gunnery program, what tables are used to train individuals as crew members for their assigned war time missions?
Basic
What is the missile heat time for a PAC-3?
Up to 10 minutes
Fighting simulated air battles through TPTs is an example of which type of training ?
Virtual training
Each unit is required to certify all crews to table 8 Standard how often?
180 days or semi annually
What are the 4 parts of the army training management cycle ?
METL Development
Plan
Execute
Assess
What are the 2 categories of participants in today’s complex world environment?
Nation state actors
Non state actors
Who is responsible for training individuals, crews, and small teams?
NCOs
At what level is CSR decided ?
Corps
What are the 4 methods in which evaluations can be administered ?
Internal External Formal Informal Or any combination
How much time does a unit have to send green bar for table 8?
1 hour
What is the most critical input to METL development?
War time operational and contingency plans
What domain is the foundation of life long training endeavors?
Institutional
What are the 4 Phases of IPB?
1 define the operational environment
2 describe environmental effects on operations
3 evaluate the threat
4 determine Threat COA
What is RSR and at what level is that decided?
Required Supply Rate / it’s decided at the BN and BDE level
How often is the ECS operator required to pass a table 4 evaluation?
Initial within 90 days/ Semi annual
Who is responsible for the units training?
The commander
What is the manual that will be used as a guide for making RAL scenarios ?
FM 3-01.86
What is the emplacement distance of a PH-3 remote Launcher?
6-30 KM
What is the minimum number of table 8 certified ECS crews that a battery must maintain?
2
To what standard must a unit train?
To the appropriate doctrine
What level tier is patriot considered to be?
Lower tier
What class supply is the Patriot missile considered to be?
Class 5 ammunition
What is RSR?
Requested Supply Rate - Expressed as rounds per weapon per day
What is the systems approach to training?
The analytical basis for a unit, & leader, individual training proficiency
What are the 7 types of missile types in the patriot inventory?
Standard SOJC ATM ATM 1 ATM 1-T ATM 1-C ATM 2
Which variable of COE utilizes perception management as a tool to coerce the mindset of the populace?
Information
What are the 2 ways in which an AAR is conducted?
Formal and Informal
Which type of AAR is used to back brief a middle Reload table 8 crew?
Informal
What is FMS-D?
Flight Mission Simulator- Digital
How many inputs are there to METL development?
5
How many dimensions does the operational environment have?
6
What are the 4 phases of RSOP?
Preparation
Movement
Survey
Emplacement
What are the 10 principles of training?
Train as you fight Training is commander driven Train to standard Training it’s led by trained officers and NCOs Train using appropriate doctrine Training is protected Training is resourced Train to sustain Train to maintain Training is multi echelon and combined arms
What does AFORGEN mean?
Army Force Generation
What are the 3 phases of AFORGEN?
Phase 1: redeployment/ reset
Phase 2: ready
Phase 3: availability
Define MDMP?
Planing methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action and produce an operation plan order
Political key words
Distribution of responsibility and power at all levels of governance
Military key words
Military and para military capabilities enemy friendly or neutral in a given operational environment
Social
Cultural, religious, and ethnic make up with in an operational environment/ beliefs, values, customs, behaviors of society members
Information
Describes the nature, characteristics, and effects of individuals and organizations that collect, process, and give out or act on information
Infrastructure
Basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society
Physical Environment
Geography, man made structures, climate, and weather in the area of operations
Time
Timing and duration of activities, events or conditions & how timing and duration are perceived by various actors in the operational environment
What does IPB stand for ?
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
Define IPB
Continuous process of analyzing the threat and other aspects of an operational environment within a specific geographic area
What are the 4 steps to IPB?
Define the operational environment
Describe environmental effects on operations
Evaluate the threat
Determine threat courses of action
