Operation of Systems Flashcards
What are the Primary and Secondary flight controls?
Primary Controls: Ailerons, rudder, and elevator/stabilator (control pitch, roll, and yaw).
Secondary Controls: Flaps, trim tabs (enhance lift, control drag, and reduce pilot workload).
What kind of engine is in your airplane?
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, four stroke, four-cylinder, horizontally opposed, naturally aspirated,fuel-injected, air-cooled engine with 180 bhp and 2700 rmp
What kind of propeller does your plane have? What is it made out of?
Fixed-pitch, twisted, McCauley propeller made of aluminum alloy. 76in
How is the engine cooled?
Air-cooled using ambient airflow directed over the engine through baffles.
What are the four strokes of an engine?
Intake, Compression, Power (combustion), and Exhaust.
What type of oil do we use? How much?
SAE 20W-50 aviation-grade oil; capacity: 8 quarts (min: 6 quarts for normal operation).
What type of fuel can we use? Color?
100LL fuel (Blue).
What types of fuel system does your aircraft have?
Gravity-fed assisted system with engine-driven and auxiliary electric fuel pumps.
What is the purpose of fuel tank vents?
Prevent fuel tank vacuum to ensure smooth fuel flow to the engine.
What is the fuel capacity of the aircraft? Useable?
Total: 56 gallons; Usable: 53 gallons.
How much does a gallon of fuel weigh?
1 gallon of 100LL weighs 6 lbs.
Why do we sump the fuel?
To check for water, debris, or incorrect fuel type that could damage the engine.
What is the function of flaps?
Increase lift and drag to enable steeper descents and slower landings.
What is the flap operating range?
0°–30°, with white arc (Vfe) 40–85 KIAS.
Describe the landing gear system
Fixed tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel and tubular spring steel mains.
What does the stall strip do?
Create an early stall near the wing root, ensuring stall begins closer to the fuselage for better aileron control.
What kind of brakes does the aircraft have?
Hydraulically actuated, single-disc brakes on the main wheels.
What types of hydraulic fluid do we use? What color is it?
MIL-H-5606 (Red).
What does the mixture control do?
Regulates the air-to-fuel ratio for engine efficiency and prevents fouling or overheating.
What type of ignition system does your aircraft have?
Dual magnetos with two spark plugs per cylinder for redundancy and efficiency.
What are the two main advantages of a dual ignition system?
Increases performance and safety by ensuring redundancy and better fuel combustion.
You do the magneto (or ICMS) check and while on the left magneto, the
rpm drops significantly. What could be the problem?
Possible fouled spark plug, damaged magneto, or improper grounding.
How do you know if your magnetos are grounded?
Does your aircraft have a fuel pump?
Yes, includes an engine-driven pump and an auxiliary electric pump.
Describe the electrical system of your aircraft. How many buses are there?
28-volt DC system with a 24-volt battery and 60-amp alternator; 6 buses
Avionics 1 & 2
Electrical 1& 2
cross feed
Essential
Essential:
PFD
NAV 1
COM1
AHRS/ADC
Stand by battery
stand by indicator lights
How does cabin heat work?
Uses the air around the engine exhaust heat shrouds to warm incoming air for the cabin.
What is detonation? Preignition?
Detonation: Uncontrolled fuel-air mixture explosion in the cylinder.
Preignition: Fuel ignites prematurely due to hot spots in the cylinder.
What are some limitations with autopilot?
Cannot handle extreme turbulence or crosswind corrections; should not be engaged near the ground.
Does the aircraft have any vacuum gyros?
Modern models like the Cessna 172S use electrically driven gyros; no vacuum instruments.
If you are experiencing an
Asymmetric flap failure, and the left flap came down farther than the right, how would the airplane fly?
Unequal lift causes a roll toward the side with the extended flap (left flap down = left roll).
Stall strip
it helps disrupt the airflow and stall the wing base instead of the wingtips
Why are the ailerons and flaps designed with the v shape strip?
They are corrugated flaps for stronger structural integrity
What is the nose wheel degree for turning?
10° each way but can increase to 30° with the differential braking
What does I.O L2A 360
Injected and opposed pistons
L2A model variation
360 cubic square inches of DISPLACEMENT
What type of oil do we use?
Mineral oil when braking in an engine
Ashless Dispersant Oil
20W - 50
Over voltage regulator
Is what causes the circuit bracker to pop
it is used for to brake to current for safety
Whats the difference between a Volt and an Amp?
a volt measures the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, while an amp measures the flow of electrons through a circuit
Volt is like water pressure in a pipe
amps is the flow of water through the pipe
What is the Kollsman window?
The Kollsman Window is a feature found on an aircraft’s altimeter for measuring altitude. It allows pilots to manually input a local barometric pressure setting, essential for obtaining an accurate altitude reading
What if the static port is blocked
VSI goes to zero and does not change
Altimeter will freeze where its at
airspeed lower when climbing
higher when descending
What are Baffles?
Baffles are barriers or panels installed inside the engine cowling to direct airflow over and around the cylinders of an air-cooled engine. Their purpose is to optimize engine cooling by ensuring that air flows efficiently through the cylinder fins to dissipate heat.
What is the static RMP range
2,300 - 2,400
static RPM is engine speed attained during a full throttle engine run-up.
What controls the propeller speed in our plane?
the throttle and pitch
