Operation of Systems

Question 1

What are the Primary and Secondary flight controls?

Answer 1

Primary Controls: Ailerons, rudder, and elevator/stabilator (control pitch, roll, and yaw).

Secondary Controls: Flaps, trim tabs (enhance lift, control drag, and reduce pilot workload).

Question 2

What kind of engine is in your airplane?

Answer 2

Lycoming IO-360-L2A, four stroke, four-cylinder, horizontally opposed, naturally aspirated,fuel-injected, air-cooled engine with 180 bhp and 2700 rmp

Question 3

What kind of propeller does your plane have? What is it made out of?

Answer 3

Fixed-pitch, twisted, McCauley propeller made of aluminum alloy. 76in

Question 4

How is the engine cooled?

Answer 4

Air-cooled using ambient airflow directed over the engine through baffles.

Question 5

What are the four strokes of an engine?

Answer 5

Intake, Compression, Power (combustion), and Exhaust.

Question 6

What type of oil do we use? How much?

Answer 6

SAE 20W-50 aviation-grade oil; capacity: 8 quarts (min: 6 quarts for normal operation).

Question 7

What type of fuel can we use? Color?

Answer 7

100LL fuel (Blue).

Question 8

What types of fuel system does your aircraft have?

Answer 8

Gravity-fed assisted system with engine-driven and auxiliary electric fuel pumps.

Question 9

What is the purpose of fuel tank vents?

Answer 9

Prevent fuel tank vacuum to ensure smooth fuel flow to the engine.

Question 10

What is the fuel capacity of the aircraft? Useable?

Answer 10

Total: 56 gallons; Usable: 53 gallons.

Question 11

How much does a gallon of fuel weigh?

Answer 11

1 gallon of 100LL weighs 6 lbs.

Question 12

Why do we sump the fuel?

Answer 12

To check for water, debris, or incorrect fuel type that could damage the engine.

Question 13

What is the function of flaps?

Answer 13

Increase lift and drag to enable steeper descents and slower landings.

Question 14

What is the flap operating range?

Answer 14

0°–30°, with white arc (Vfe) 40–85 KIAS.

Question 15

Describe the landing gear system

Answer 15

Fixed tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel and tubular spring steel mains.

Question 16

What does the stall strip do?

Answer 16

Create an early stall near the wing root, ensuring stall begins closer to the fuselage for better aileron control.

Question 17

What kind of brakes does the aircraft have?

Answer 17

Hydraulically actuated, single-disc brakes on the main wheels.

Question 18

What types of hydraulic fluid do we use? What color is it?

Answer 18

MIL-H-5606 (Red).

Question 19

What does the mixture control do?

Answer 19

Regulates the air-to-fuel ratio for engine efficiency and prevents fouling or overheating.

Question 20

What type of ignition system does your aircraft have?

Answer 20

Dual magnetos with two spark plugs per cylinder for redundancy and efficiency.

Question 21

What are the two main advantages of a dual ignition system?

Answer 21

Increases performance and safety by ensuring redundancy and better fuel combustion.

Question 22

You do the magneto (or ICMS) check and while on the left magneto, the
rpm drops significantly. What could be the problem?

Answer 22

Possible fouled spark plug, damaged magneto, or improper grounding.

Question 23

How do you know if your magnetos are grounded?

Question 24

Does your aircraft have a fuel pump?

Answer 24

Yes, includes an engine-driven pump and an auxiliary electric pump.

Question 25

Describe the electrical system of your aircraft. How many buses are there?

Answer 25

28-volt DC system with a 24-volt battery and 60-amp alternator; 6 buses
Avionics 1 & 2
Electrical 1& 2
cross feed
Essential

Essential:
PFD
NAV 1
COM1
AHRS/ADC
Stand by battery
stand by indicator lights

Question 26

How does cabin heat work?

Answer 26

Uses the air around the engine exhaust heat shrouds to warm incoming air for the cabin.

Question 27

What is detonation? Preignition?

Answer 27

Detonation: Uncontrolled fuel-air mixture explosion in the cylinder.

Preignition: Fuel ignites prematurely due to hot spots in the cylinder.

Question 28

What are some limitations with autopilot?

Answer 28

Cannot handle extreme turbulence or crosswind corrections; should not be engaged near the ground.

Question 29

Does the aircraft have any vacuum gyros?

Answer 29

Modern models like the Cessna 172S use electrically driven gyros; no vacuum instruments.

Question 30

If you are experiencing an
Asymmetric flap failure, and the left flap came down farther than the right, how would the airplane fly?

Answer 30

Unequal lift causes a roll toward the side with the extended flap (left flap down = left roll).