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IT Applications - WGU > Operating Systems > Flashcards

Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Max RAM a 32-bit OS can support

A

4GB RAM

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2
Q

First NT-based Windows marketed to both home and business users. Oldest Windows version still found in common use. (2001)

A

Windows XP

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3
Q

Major changes in security and functionality. First Windows version with widespread 64-bit support. (2006)

A

Windows Vista

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4
Q

A refinement of Windows Vista, which quickly replaced earlier versions. Still very common, especially in enterprise environments. (2009)

A

Windows 7

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5
Q

Major changes in interface and online functionality. First version to support Windows Store apps. (2012)

A

Windows 8

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6
Q

A free upgrade to Windows 8 intended to refine shortcomings and unpopular features. (2013)

A

Windows 8.1

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7
Q

Uses a “rolling release” schedule with regular free feature updates that add new features but don’t change the version number. (2015)

A

Windows 10

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8
Q

Windows 7 Versions

A 
Windows 7 Starter (32-bit only)
Windows 7 Home Basic
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 Professional
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 Enterprise
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9
Q

Windows 8 Versions

A

Windows 8
Windows 8 Pro
Windows 8 Enterprise

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10
Q

Windows 8.1 Versions

A

Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 Pro
Windows 8.1 Enterprise

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11
Q

Windows 10 Versions

A

Windows 10 Home
Windows 10 Pro
Windows 10 Education
Windows 10 Enterprise

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12
Q

What was a major change that Windows 8 implemented?

A

Allowed linking the user account to microsoft online account

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13
Q

What cloud service did Windows 8.1 add?

A

Onedrive

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14
Q

MacOS: Fast User Switching, an updated Finder, and the new browser Safari. It also included built-in support for Microsoft Active Directory. (2003)

A

10.3 Panther

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15
Q

MacOS: Support for Intel x86 architecture in version 10.4.4. It also introduced Spotlight and new versions of Mail and Safari. (2005)

A

10.4 Tiger

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16
Q

MacOS: AirDrop file sharing, emoji support, and Recovery Partition. It also bundled FaceTime with the operating system. (2011)

A

10.7 Lion

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17
Q

MacOS: Notification Center, some iOS features, such as Game Center, and OS X updates through the App Store. (2012)

A

10.8 Mountain Lion

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18
Q

MacOS: Support for snapping side-by-side windows, San Francisco system typeface, a Notes overhaul, and the System Integrity Protection security feature. (2015)

A

10.11 El Capitan

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19
Q

MacOS: Siri digital assistant, improved iCloud Drive functions, tabbed apps, improved Photos app, and shared clipboard with iPhone. (2016)

A

10.12 Sierra

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20
Q

MacOS: APFS file system, browser and media improvements, and refinements to other bundled apps. (2017)

A

10.13 High Sierra

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21
Q

MacOS: New App Store, Dark Mode to reduce eyestrain, Continuity Camera, Quick Look, and security improvements. (2018)

A

10.14 Mojave

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22
Q

Windows version eligible for free Win 10 upgrade?

A

Windows 8

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23
Q

MAC feature that provides an easy way to navigate among the resources you’re using at any given time. Similar to Task View in Windows.

A

Mission Control

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24
Q

MAC feature that store and manage passwords for applications, web sites, and network shares. In addition to passwords, it stores private keys and certificates.

A

Keychain

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25
Q

Search your Mac for all kinds of files, including documents, music, photos, emails, and contacts. It also provides suggestions for Internet resources.

A

Spotlight

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26
Q

Store your files in the cloud for access from any location in the world using the Internet and your Mac, Windows PC, or mobile device. Analogous to OneDrive in Windows 10.

A

iCloud

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27
Q

Perform just about any action on a Mac with a touchscreen. You can swipe with one or more fingers, tap, pinch, rotate, swipe, and drag to open and close apps and operating system features, such as Mission Control and Notification Center.

A

Gestures

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28
Q

Organize and navigate your files and folders. It’s similar to File Explorer in Windows.

A

Finder

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29
Q

Access files on a CD or DVD on another computer. This feature can’t be used to access music, movies, or copy protected software discs.

A

Remote Disc

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30
Q

Access your favorite apps with just a click. You can configure the Dock to hold shortcuts to your most-used apps so they’re only a click away. It’s similar to pinning apps to the taskbar in Windows.

A

Dock

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31
Q

Install Windows on your Mac by repartitioning your hard drive. After the installation, you can switch between Mac OS X and Windows, a convenient feature for those who need to work with both Mac and Windows operating systems and applications.

A

Boot Camp

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32
Q

Back up your data or schedule regular backups to an external hard drive, Apple’s Time Capsule storage unit, or a hard drive connected to an AirPort Extreme base station. You can also use Time Machine to restore data from backup.

A

Time Machine

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33
Q

Create a snapshot of an APFS file system representing system files and settings at that time, or restore from that backup. Snapshots are available in High Sierra and later, and have some similarities to Windows restore points.

A

Snapshot/Restore

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34
Q

Access the operating system through a command-line shell. You can use Terminal to execute a wide variety of commands, including configuring Time Machine backup intervals, showing hidden files in Finder, and accessing your Mac remotely. Since modern macOS is related to Unix, it’s very similar to a Linux shell.

A

Terminal

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35
Q

Force an unresponsive app to close. You can use this feature when you’re trying to troubleshoot app and system issues.

A

Force Quit

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36
Q

Troubleshoot problems or coach a user on a remote computer. This feature is especially useful when the user or computer you’re working with isn’t anywhere near your location. But it can be just as useful when you’re working with someone in the office next to yours.

A

Screen sharing

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37
Q

Perform setup or maintenance on hard disks. You can use it to create and format partitions, or to check for disk errors and file system problems. You can also use it to create disk images, or recover a disk from a backup image.

A

Disk Utility

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38
Q

What are some Mac OS best practices?

A 
Scheduled backups	
Scheduled disk maintenance	
System updates/App store	
Patch management	
Driver/firmware updates	
Anti-virus and anti-malware updates
39
Q

Linux features

A

Workspaces (multiple desktops)

Gestures

40
Q

Mobil OS features

A

App source, Screen orientation (accelerometer/gyroscope), Screen calibration, GPS and geotracking, Wi-Fi calling, Launcher/GUI, Virtual assistant, Emergency notification, Mobile payment service

41
Q

Examples of Embedded Systems

A

Network appliances, Network-enabled devices, Media devices, IoT, Vehicles

42
Q

Windows upgrade by OS Version

A

Windows 7 to Windows 8
Windows 7 to Windows 10
Windows 8 to Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 to Windows 10

43
Q

Installs an operating system without user input

A

Unattended Install

44
Q

Installs an operating system on the computer without saving any existing files or settings

A

Clean Install

45
Q

Installs a newer operating system version while preserving current settings, applications, and user files

A

Upgrade Install

46
Q

Resolves operating system errors that are preventing it from operating normally

47
Q

Resets system settings, removes applications, and repairs damaged operating system files

A

Refresh/Restore

48
Q

Boots the computer to a recovery partition on the hard drive

A

Recovery partition

49
Q

Deploys identical operating system installations to multiple computers.

A

Image deployment Insall

50
Q

Installs an operating system from an image on a network server using PXE or NetBoot.

A

Remote network Install

51
Q

Deploys multiple operating systems to the same computer

52
Q

Script that runs in the Windows Command Prompt environment (CMD.EXE)

A

.bat: A batch file

53
Q

Designed to run in a Unix style command shell such as bash or csh.

A

.sh: A shell script

54
Q

A script designed to run in the Windows PowerShell environment

55
Q

A script written for the Visual Basic Scripting environment that’s included with Windows

56
Q

A script written for the JavaScript language used by web pages, or else for the related

57
Q

A script written for Python, a general-purpose interpreted programming language.

58
Q

A named sequence of commands which can be referred to elsewhere in the script.

59
Q

A construct that performs different actions depending on whether some condition evaluates as true or false.

A

Conditional statement (ie if-then-else)

60
Q

Construct that repeats a sequence of actions one or more times depending on some set of conditions.

A

Loop
FOR some defined number of iterations
WHILE a Boolean condition remains true

61
Q

A whole number

62
Q

A number that can have digits before or after a decimal point

A

Floating-point

63
Q

A sequence of alphanumeric characters

64
Q

A single alphanumeric character

65
Q

A true/false value

66
Q

A list of directories where the operating system will search if you type a command name without specifying its absolute or relative path.

A

Windows: %PATH%
Linux: $PATH

67
Q

The current user’s home folder.

A

Windows: %USERPROFILE%
Linux: $HOME

68
Q

A folder where programs can safely store temporary files.

A

Windows: %TEMP% or %TMP%
Linux: $TEMP

69
Q

The current folder.

A

Windows: %CD%
Linux: $PWD

70
Q

The current user’s application data folder.

A

Windows: %APPDATA%

71
Q

The absolute file path of the Windows system folder.

A

%SystemRoot%

72
Q

In a .bat file, any line beginning with the word “_____” is a comment.

73
Q

In a .sh script, any text on a single line following “____” is a comment.

74
Q

In a .ps1 script, any text following “# “ is a comment, but you can also create multi-line block comments by placing “___” and “___” at the beginning and end.

75
Q

In a .vbs script, a statement can be commented out either with a ______ ______, or with _____.

A

single quote ‘ or with REM

76
Q

In a .js script, single line comments are prefaced by “__”, while comment blocks are enclosed by “__” and “__” at beginning and end.

77
Q

In a .py script, comments are prefaced by “__”.

78
Q

Minimum requirements to run Win 7 (x86) and (x64)

A

1 GHz Processor

(x86) 1 GB RAM (4 GB max), 16 GB disk space, DirectX 9
(x64) 2 GB RAM (128 GB max), 20 GB disk space, DirectX 9

79
Q

Win 7 Home Premium added features

A

DVD Playback
Aero
ICS

80
Q

Win 7 Professional added features

A

Domain Member

EFS (Encrypted File System)

81
Q

Win 7 Enterprise/Ultimate added features

82
Q

Minimum requirements to run Win 8/8.1 (x86) and (x64)

A

1 GHz processor that supports PAE, NX, & SSE2

Same as Win 7 except for the processor

83
Q

Win 8/8.1 Core added features

A

Windows Media Player

84
Q

Win 8/8.1 Pro added features

A

EFS, BitLocker, Domain Member

64-bit max RAM is 512 GB

85
Q

Win 8/8.1 Enterprise added features

A

AppLocker, BranchCache

64-bit max RAM is 512 GB

86
Q

Included w/ Win 10 Home

A

OneDrive, Windows Defender, Cortana

87
Q

Linux command shows the name of the current directory and writes the full pathname of it.

A

pwd (print working directory)

88
Q

Linux command creates the specified directory if it does not already exist.

A

mkdir (make directory)

89
Q

Linux command can be used to change the owner, the group, or both for a file or directory.

A

chown (change owner)

90
Q

Linux command enables you to modify default permissions of a file or directory.

A

chmod (change mode)

91
Q

Registry subtree that contains all the file association information. Whenever you double-click a file with a specific extension, Windows uses this information to determine which application it should open.

A

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

92
Q

Registry subtree that contains information about the current configuration of the computer’s hardware.

A

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

93
Q

Registry subtree that contains all the configuration information for the computer’s hardware.

A

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

94
Q

Registry subtree that contains user-specific configuration information for all the users who have ever logged onto Windows.

A

HKEY_USERS

IT Applications - WGU (16 decks)

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