Operating Systems

Question 1

This is a drive encryption utility designed to protect data on a PC by encrypting the entire hard drive.

Answer 1

BitLocker

Explanation:
BitLocker completely encrypts a hard drive protecting data from loss or theft.

Question 2

The ability of newer network interface cards to concurrently transmitting and receiving data is referred to as ____.

Answer 2

Full Duplex

Explanation:
Full Duplex allows a network interface card to transmit and receive data concurrently.

Question 3

What Windows utility that provides a command line interface would you use to troubleshoot a system that will not boot?

Answer 3

recovery console

Explanation:
Recovery console is accessed in one of three ways. Press F8 during system boot, with a system repair disk, or with the original distribution disk. Recovery console opens a command line prompt that allows you to repair many boot-up problems such as a corrupted MBR (Master Boot Record), or a corrupted boot sector.

Question 4

In Windows 10, where can you view and/or delete processes that are launched at startup?

Answer 4

Task manager > Startup tab

Explanation:
To disable startup programs on Windows 7, go to Start, type Run, enter Msconfig, and then select the Startup tab.

To disable startup programs on Windows 8, press Ctrl + Alt + Del and then select Task Manager and the Startup tab.

Question 5

What Windows utility is used to delete temporary files from a hard drive to free up disk space?

Answer 5

Disk Cleanup

Explanation:
For Windows 7, Disk Cleanup is located in System tools.
For Windows 8, from Start, type Disk Cleanup.
In Windows 10, from Start, type Disk Cleanup.

Question 6

To disable FTP on a network, what port number would you block on the firewall?

Answer 6

Port 21

Explanation:
By blocking port 21 on a firewall, any FTP traffic would be denied.

Question 7

What protocol converts domain names into IP addresses?

Answer 7

DNS

Explanation:
The Domain Name Server converts domain names to IP addresses.

Question 8

What feature on a network allows for prioritizing certain traffic?

Answer 8

QoS (Quality of Service)

Explanation:
When enabled, QoS can be set to prioritize certain types of traffic. An example would be when voice or video traffic is being used on a network.

Question 9

What Windows utility allows you to delete, create, or resize disk partitions?

Answer 9

Disk Management

Explanation:
To enter Disk Management on Windows 7, from the Control Panel, select System and Security > Create and format hard disk partitions.

On Windows 8, Disk Management is invoked by pressing the Windows.Logo key and typing diskmgmt.msc.

In Windows 10, Disk Management is invoked by pressing the Windows.Logo key and typing diskmgmt.msc. (same as in Windows 8)

Question 10

What Apple feature allows the user to use small motions on a trackpad to complete simple tasks, such as turning a page?

Answer 10

Gestures

Explanation:
Apple Gestures can be configured through System Preferences under Trackpad and provides personalization for the type of movement needed to accomplish a task.

Question 11

Looking at this will tell you your network ID, broadcast address, and number of host addresses available.

Answer 11

Subnet Mask

Explanation:
IP addresses are made up of 32 binary bits, which determine both the network address as well as the host address. To indicate which bits are network bits and which bits are host bits, IP addressing parameters include a subnet mask.

The subnet mask is also made up of 32 bits, each subnet mask bit corresponding to a single bit in the IP address. If the IP address bit is a network bit, the subnet mask bit is set to “1”. If the corresponding IP address bit is a host bit, the corresponding netmask bit is set to “0”.

Question 12

From the command line prompt, what command is used to list the contents of a directory?

Answer 12

dir

Explanation:
The dir command will list the contents of a directory. It also has numerous options that allow the output to be displayed in numerous different configurations.

Question 13

What is the command prompt called on the macOS?

Answer 13

Terminal

Explanation:
Apple products and the macOS use the term Terminal when referring to the command prompt window.

Question 14

Linux tracks system events in log files. These entries are important when doing system maintenance. If left unattended, these log files can take up a large amount of disk space. Where are these log files saved and how can they be safely removed?

Answer 14

/var/log

Explanation:
Every system event is logged and available for system tuning and troubleshooting. These are located in the ‘/var/log’ directory. Log files can be deleted and will be replaced by new files as new events occur. You need to monitor the size of these files and understand that some files may need to be saved to help you spot trends. Log files are saved as text files, making them easy to view.

Question 15

Occasionally, users may opt to run Windows and Linux on the same system. This can be accomplished by setting up a virtual machine on Windows loaded to run Linux. This has the advantage of allowing the user to simultaneously run both operating systems. Setting up a dual boot system is another option. What advantage does running a dual boot system have over running virtual machines?

Answer 15

Using a dual boot option allows 100% of the system resources to the operating system.

Explanation:
When setting up a dual boot system using Windows and Linux, you should always load Windows first then Linux. This allows Linux to manage the boot sequence. The Linux boot manager works better than Windows boot manager.

Question 16

What command used in Debian-based Linux operating systems will update the operating system?

Answer 16

apt-get update

Explanation:
The command requires administrative permission to run, so from the command line, enter sudo apt-get update.

Question 17

A newer version of Ubuntu has become available. What command will accomplish upgrading your system to the new version?

Answer 17

sudo apt-get upgrade

Explanation:
The command requires administrative permission to run, so from the command line, enter sudo apt-get upgrade. Before doing an upgrade, it’s a good idea to update the system first with the sudo apt-get update command. Be sure you understand the significance of the sudo command used in many Linux releases.

Question 18

What email retrieval protocol allows users to synchronize email from a variety of devices?

Answer 18

IMAP

Explanation:
Of the two common email retrieval protocols, POP3 and IMAP, IMAP allows users to sync email from a variety of different devices.

Question 19

What is the Linux command used to back up a specific partition?

Answer 19

dd

Explanation:
The exact syntax depends on the location of the source partition being backed up (/dev/sda2) and the location of the backup image (/home/backup.img). In addition, you need supervisory permission to run the command su dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/home/backup.img.

Question 20

One of the strengths of the Linux operating system is the ability to use the output of one command as the input to another command, referred to as “piping.” How would you connect the output of the ls command and pipe it into the grep command, and what would this accomplish?

Answer 20

ls | grep filename; This would provide a more efficient search.

Explanation:
This will cause a search for only lines that contain the filename. The ls command could give a listing of so many files that they would scroll by the screen too fast to view. Using the |
(pipe) symbol, you take the output from ls and use it as input to the grep command. The grep command has an argument filename which tells grep to search for and list only lines that contain the filename.

Question 21

You are a system administrator working on a Linux server and need to turn off the system to do unscheduled maintenance. You want to give users a warning that the system will be shutdown in 10 minutes to do unscheduled maintenance, and it will be down for 15 minutes. What command would you use to notify the users and shutdown the system?

Answer 21

shutdown +10
This would give, “Notice the system will shut down in 10 minutes for unscheduled maintenance. It will be down for 15 minutes.”

Explanation:
Be sure you understand all the options available with the shutdown command.

Question 22

What feature of Android and IOS smartphones allows users to make and receive calls using a WiFi connection?

Answer 22

WiFi Calling

Explanation:
When enabled on an Android or IOS phone, users can make and receive calls using a WiFi connection.

Question 23

What Linux command will list all currently running processes and applications?

Answer 23

ps

Explanation:
The ps command (process status) lists all running process and applications. Be familiar with the options available with the command.

Question 24

Port number 23 is associated with what network service?

Answer 24

Telnet

Explanation:
Become familiar with the most commonly used port numbers.

Question 25

Which Mac OS command lists IP address and MAC address information for your network interface card (NIC)?

Answer 25

ifconfig

Explanation:
The command ifconfig is closely related to ipconfig that is in a Windows environment. To view wireless adapter IP information, use the alternate iwconfig command.

Question 26

What command is used to access the default text editor in a Linux environment?

Answer 26

vi

Explanation:
In a Linux environment, the vi command allows you to access the text editor, which allows you to edit the text file. This is similar to Notepad in a Windows environment.

Question 27

Which Mac OS utility allows you to switch between open applications?

Answer 27

Mission Control

Explanation:
You can access Mission Control by pressing the corresponding key on the keyboard, or by simultaneously pressing the Ctrl key and the Up arrow key.

Question 28

Which server role is responsible for assigning IP address and DNS information to clients?

Answer 28

DHCP server

Explanation:
A DHCP server automates assigning all clients IP addresses to access the network. It can also be used to distribute other important information, such as DNS server locations.

Question 29

This feature in Mac operating systems can be used to store passwords, private keys, certificates, and secure notes.

Answer 29

Keychain

Explanation:
The Keychain feature in Mac operating systems is a tool used for password management. Items that can be stored in Keychain include passwords, private keys, certificates, and secure notes.

Question 30

This Linux command allows users to move a specified file to a different location.

Answer 30

mv

Explanation:
The mv command in Linux is the move command. This command allows a user to move a specified file to another location. Move would be similar to a cut and paste in Windows.

Question 31

This is a built-in Linux command to terminate processes.

Answer 31

kill

Explanation:
In Linux, the built-in command to terminate a process is the kill command. The kill command can be used to terminate a process using the name or PID.

Question 32

This is the default file manager for Mac operating systems.

Answer 32

Finder

Explanation:
The Finder is the default file manager for Mac operating systems (similar to the FIle Explorer program in Windows). Finder allows users to search for files, open files, and delete files from one location.

Question 33

This Mac OS feature creates an index of all the items and files on the system so that users can look them up easily.

Answer 33

Spotlight

Explanation:
Spotlight is a search feature on Mac operating systems. It creates an index of all the items and files on your system so you can look up items quickly.

Question 34

This can be used on Windows devices to manually allow or deny specific applications and network ports.

Answer 34

Windows Firewall

Explanation:
Windows comes with configurable firewall rules to allow or block certain applications or network ports and control the security. The Windows firewall can be manually configured to allow or deny applications and network ports.

Question 35

This Windows feature allows the user to continue working on network files when there is no current network connection, and synchronize the changes once connected again.

Answer 35

Offline files

Explanation:
Offline files is a feature that allows the user to continue working on network files when there is no current network connection, and synchronize the changes once connected again. Offline files are configured in the Sync Center.

Question 36

A wired connection most commonly uses what type of cabling to connect to a network?

Answer 36

Ethernet

Explanation:
The most common wired connection is achieved via an ethernet cable with a RJ45 connector.

Question 37

Where would you go to change the background on a Windows OS?

Answer 37

Personalization

Explanation:
The Personalization tab under the Settings menu allows for the customization of settings, such as background, font, and color.

Question 38

What command would you use to configure devices connected to a Windows OS?

Answer 38

devmgmt.msc

Explanation:
Device management allows the user to view the status of connected devices as well as to configure properties and parameters.

Question 39

What are four impacts that should be considered before installing an application?

Answer 39

the impact on the device, network, operation, and business

Explanation:
Before an application is installed on a system, especially one vital to business operations, the tangential impacts of the installation must be considered to anticipate any negative consequences of the installation.

Question 40

Which cell phone OS is open source?

Answer 40

Android

Explanation:
The Android OS is free and open source while the iOS is proprietary to Apple.