Operating System- Week 3 Vocab Flashcards
Android
A mobile operating system based on Linux
Application
A computer program designed for a specific use
BIOS/UEFI
A low-level software that initializes our computer’s hardware to make sure everything is good to go
Block storage
It improves faster handling of data because the data isn’t stored in one long piece but in blocks, so it can be accessed more quickly
Boot
To start up a computer
Bootloader
A small program that loads the operating system
Chrome OS
A Linux-based operating system designed by Google
Command Line Interface (CLI)
A shell that uses text commands to interact with the operating system
Computer file
Data that we store and a file can be anything, a word document, a picture, a song, literally anything
Data blocks
Data that can be broken down into many pieces and written to different parts of the hard disk
Distributions
Some common Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Debian, and Red Hat
Etcher.io
A tool you can use to load an install image onto your USB device and make it bootable
File extension
The appended part of a filename that tells us what type of file it is in certain operating systems
File handling
A process of storing data using a program
File system
A system used to manage files
Finder
The file manager for all Macs
Folders/Directories
Used to organize files
Hardware resource deficiency
It refers to the lack of system resources like memory, hard drive space, et cetera
HFS+/APFS
HFS+ is a journaling system developed by Apple Inc. and APFS is another but more encrypted Apple journaling system
Hostname
Used to identify the computer when it needs to talk to other computers
Input/Output device
A device that performs input and output, including monitors, keyboards, mice, hard disk drives, speakers, bluetooth headsets, webcams, and network adapters
Install image
A downloadable operating system image used to install an operating system on a device
I/O management
Anything that can give us input or that we can use for output of data
iOS
A mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.
Kernel
The main core of an operating system that creates processes, efficiently schedules them, and manages how processes are terminated
Logs
Files that record system events on our computer
Mac OS
Apple’s operating system
Memory management
One of the functions that a kernel performs; it optimizes memory usage and make sure our applications have enough memory to run
Metadata
Tells us everything we need to know about a file, including who created it, when it was last modified, who has access to it, and what type of file it is
Microsoft Terminal Services Client
A client program used to create RDP connections to remote computers
Open SSH
The most popular program to use SSH within Linux
Operating system
The whole package that manages our computers resources and lets us interact with it
PC
Personal computer, which technically means a computer that one person uses
Plink (PuTTY Link)
A tool built into the command line after PuTTY is installed that is used to make remote SSH connections
Powershell
A shell (program that interprets text commands) for Windows
Power user
Above average computer users
Process management
The capacity to manage the many programs in a system - when to run them, the order they run in, how many resources they take up, how long they run, etc.
Qwiklabs
An online platform which provides training in cloud services
Remote connection
The ability to connect an authorized person to a computer or network remotely; allows us to manage multiple machines from anywhere in the world
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
A secure network communication protocol developed by Microsoft that allows a user to connect to another device remotely
Scalability
The measure of a system’s ability to increase or decrease in performance and cost in response to varying loads in system processing demands
Shell
A program that interprets text commands and sends them to the OS to execute
SSH (Secure shell)
A protocol implemented by other programs to securely access one computer from another.
SSH authentication key
A secure authentication method for accessing a computer from other device
SSH client
A program you must have installed on your device in order to establish an SSH connection with another device
SSH server
Software installed on a machine that allows for that device to accept an SSH connection
Standardization
The process of developing and implementing common technical standards for IT products, systems, and processes.
Swap space
The allocated space where the virtual memory is stored on the hard drive when the amount of physical memory space is used up or full
System
A group of hardware components and software components that work together to run the programs or processes in the computer
System settings
Settings like display resolution, user accounts, network, devices, etc.
Task bar
It gives us quick options and shows us information like network connectivity, the date, system notifications, sound etc
Terminal
A text based interface to the computer
Time slice
A very short interval of time that gets allocated to a process for CPU execution
Ubuntu
The most popular Linux consumer distribution
User name
A unique identifier for a user account
User space
The aspect of an operating system that humans interact with directly like programs, such as text editors, music players, system settings, user interfaces, etc.
Virtual Box
An application you can use to install Linux and have it completely isolated from your machine
Virtual machine (VM)
An application that uses physical resources like memory, CPU and storage, but they offer the added benefit of running multiple operating systems at once
Virtual memory
A combination of hard drive space and RAM that acts like memory which our processes can use
