Components- Week 2- Part 2 Vocab Flashcards
Instruction set
add/subtract/copying data…
A list of instructions that our CPU is able to run.
Instruction sets are Hardcoded into our CPU.
Functions like adding, subtracting, copying data are all instructions that our CPU can carry out
Popular CPU manufacturers or chipsets
Intel, AMD and Qualcomm
Chipset:
guided conversation
It decides how components talk to each other on our machine.
When you select your CPU, make sure its compatible with your…
motherboard
Popular CPU sockets
Land Grid Array (LPG) and Grid Array (PGA). LGA- pins stick out, size varies.
Land Grid Array (LGA)
It is a type of CPU socket that stick out of the motherboard.
Pin Grid Array (PGA)
CPU socket where the pins are located on the processor itself.
Make sure CPU and ______ are compatible
socket.
CPU’s that have 32 bit or 64-bit architecture are just specifying
how much data it can efficiently handle.
Data stored in RAM is almost always…
volatile, once we power off our machines, the data stored is cleared.
When you see a new phone or laptop that says it has 16 gigs of RAM,
that means…
it can run up to 16 gigs of programs, meaning you can run lots of
programs at the same time, when you type the document, you’re using RAM.
To run program we need to make a copy of it in
RAM so our CPU can process it.
When you type in a document you are using
RAM.
EX: losing power and all work is lost. Anything with RAM. Because RAM clears data when powered off.
Types of RAM
DRAM- dynamic random- access memory
SDRAM
SDRAM which stands for Synchronous DRAM.
DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory.
Where a 1 or 0 is sent to DRAM, it stores each bit in a microscopic capacitor, this is either the charge or discharge represented by 1 or 0. These semiconductors are put into chips that are on the RAM and store our data.
SDRAM
It stands for Synchronous DRAM, this type of RAM is synchronized to our systems’ clock speed allowing quicker processing of data
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module.
Different types of memory sticks that DRAM chips can be put on. The more modern DIMM sticks have different sizes of pins on them.
DDR is faster…
DDR is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SDRAM versions.
The latest version, DDR4, is the fastest type of short-term memory currently available for your computer. And faster RAM means that programs can be run
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM
A type of RAM that is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SDRAM versions
The chipset on motherboards is made up of two chips.
Northbridge and Southbridge.
Southbridge
It maintains our IO or input/output controllers, like hard drives and USB devices that input and output data
Northbridge
interconnects stuff like RAM and video cards.
In some modern CPUs, the Northbridge has been directly integrated into the CPU so there isn’t a separate Northbridge chipset.
Peripherals
the external devices which we connect to our computer that add functionality, like: a mouse, a keyboard, and a monitor.
is basically anything that you connect to your computer externally that adds functionality.
A chipset is a key component of our motherboard that allows us
to manage data between…
data between our CPU, RAM, and peripherals
PCI Express
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
The standard for an expansion slot today is the PCI Express or Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. A PCIe bus looks like a slot on the motherboard and a PCIe base expansion card looks like a smaller circuit board
Form factor
A mathematical way to compensate for irregularities in the shape of an object by using a ratio between its volume and height.
There are different size of motherboards that are available today. These sizes of form factors determine the amount of stuff we can put in it and the amount of space we’ll have.
ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)
The most common form factor for motherboards.
ATX comes in different sizes too. In desktops, you’ll commonly see full sized ATX’s
ITX (Information Technology eXtended)
A form factor for motherboards that is much smaller than ATX boards.
For example: the Intel NUC uses a variation of the ITX board which comes in three board sizes;
mini-ITX, nano-ITX, and pico-ITX.
Data sizes
Metrics that refer to data sizes including bit, byte, kilobyte, kibibyte, and megabyte
How much does 500 gigabytes even mean?
Let’s take a look at the size of an average music file,
which is about three megabytes. On a 500 gigabyte machine, that’s approximately 165,000 music files.
That’s a lot of music.
HDD (Hard disk drive)
Hard disk drives, or HDDs, use a spinning platter and a mechanical arm to read and write information.
HDDs are prone to a lot more damage because there are a lot of moving parts.
RPM
Revolutions per minute.
A hard drive with a higher RPM is faster, so if you go out and buy a hard
drive today, you might see something like a 500 gigabyte with 5400 RPM.
SSD
Solid State Drive.
SSDs have no moving parts. SSDs are less risky when it comes to losing data, but they’re also more expensive.
SSDs are created in a similar way. The information is stored on microchips and data travels a lot faster than HDDs. The form factor for SSDs is also slimmer compared to their HDD cousins.
ATA
he most common interface that hard drives use to connect to our system
SATA
The most popular serial ATA drive, which uses one cable for data transfers.
But people quickly found that using a SATA cable wasn’t good enough for some of the blazing fast SSDs that were coming on the market.
NVMe (NVM Express)
Interface standard which allows greater throughput of data and increased efficiency.
Instead of using a cable to connect your drive to your machine,
the drive was added as an expansion slot, which allows for greater throughput of data and increased efficiency.
DC
or direct current, which flows in one
direction
AC
or alternating current, which changes directions constantly.
Amps
will pull as much electricity needed.
We refer to the amount of electricity coming out as current or amperage, and it’s measured in amps
voltage
will just give you everything
Wattage
is the amount of volts and amps that a device needs. If your power supply has too low of a wattage, you won’t be able to power your computer, so make sure you have enough.
Charge cycle
One full charge and discharge of a battery
Mb/s
megabit per second, which is a unit of data transfer rate
Type-C connector
A type of USB connector meant to replace many peripheral connections
DVI:
DVI cables generally just output video
HDMI
A type of cable that outputs both video and audio.
This has become a standard in lots of televisions
and computers nowadays and outputs both video and audio
- USB
Universal Serial Bus): A connection standard for connecting peripherals to devices such as computers
- USB 2.0
- USB 3.0
- USB 3.1
- USB 2.0: Black port on the computer, 480 MBps transfer speed
- USB 3.0: Blue port on computer, 5 Gbps transfer speed
- USB 3.1: Teal port on the computer, 10 Gbps transfer speed
Micro USB:
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
is a small USB port found on many non-Apple cellphones, tablets, and other portable devices.
USB-C adapter
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices
- USB4
uses Thunderbolt 3 protocol and USB-C cables to transfer data at speeds of 40 Gbps and provide power as well
- Lightning Port
is a connector exclusive to Apple that is similar to USB-C. It is used for charging and connecting devices to computers, external monitors, cameras and other peripherals.
