Operant Conditioning Flashcards
What is Acquisition?
Process of learning association between behaviour and consequence
What is Shaping?
Gradual development of response
4 Schedules of Reinforcement?
1) Continuous
2) Partial/Intermittent
3) Ratio
4) Interval
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
Behaviour reinforced after every response
2 Characteristics of Partial/Intermittent Reinforcement?
1) Harder to condition
2) More resistant to extinction
What is Ration Reinforcement?
Reinforcement given after set number of responses
What is Interval Reinforcement?
Reinforcement is given for the first response after a set period of time.
What is Contiguity?
The time between behaviour and consequence
What is Contingency?
Degree to which behaviour and consequence correlate
4 Factors Influencing Reinforcement?
1) Type of reinforcement schedule
2) Preparedness
3) Size and value of reinforcer
4) Type of reinforcer
3 Types of Reinforcers
1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Social
What is Preparedness?
How easy or naturally the behaviour comes, Example- easy for a bird= peck for food, fly for escape. Hard= fly for food
4 Theories of Reinforcement
1) Drive-Reduction (Hull)
2) Premack Principle
3) Response-Deprivation Hypotheses (Timberlake)
4) Behavioural Bliss Point Approach
What is the Drive Reduction Theory?
Event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some physiological drive (hungry, eat food)
What is Premack Principle?
Preferred behaviours can be used as a reward, you study you get to play outside
