Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 1

According to his principle, actions that are allowed by desirable outcomes are more likely to be repeated while those followed by undesirable outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

Question 2

B.F. Skinner

Answer 2

Founder of modern behavioral perspective, research on operant, conditioning & schedules of reinforcement

Question 3

Skinner Box

Answer 3

The chamber was essentially a box that could hold a small animal, the box also contained a bar or key that the animal could press in order to receive a reward

Question 4

Operant Conditioning

Answer 4

Method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior

Question 5

Shaping

Answer 5

Procedure in which reinforcers gradually guide an animal’s actions toward a desired complex behavior

Question 6

Chaining

Answer 6

Breaks a task down into small steps and then teaches each step within the sequence by itself

Question 7

Reinforcing Stimulus

Answer 7

Reinforcing is ay event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows

Question 8

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 8

Favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior, response or behavior is strengthened by the addition of something

Question 9

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 9

The removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior, response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant

Question 10

Primary Reinforcement

Answer 10

Occurs naturally and doesn’t require learning in order to work. primary reinforcers often have an evolutionary basis in that they aid in the survival of species(food,air,sleep,water,and sex)

Question 11

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 11

Involves stimuli that have been rewarding by paired with another reinforcing stimulus (learned through association)

Question 12

Token Reinforcer

Answer 12

Reinforcers are symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforcers

Question 13

Punishing Stimulus

Answer 13

Punishment is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior that follows

Question 14

Positive Punishment

Answer 14

Presents an unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response it follows

Question 15

Negative Punishment

Answer 15

Occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs

Question 16

Over justification Effect