Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Any relative permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

Question 2

Behaviorists

Answer 2

Believed psychology should be scientific study of observable behavior & all learning occurs through interactions with the environment

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 3

Russian physiologist who won the 1904 Nobel prize in physiology and medicine. His studies on digestion accidentally led to the discovery of the learning process now known as classical conditioning.

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

Forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a lear ed response, we learn ti anticipate events

Question 5

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 5

Produces no effect until paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

A stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers an unconditioned response or reflex

Question 7

Unconditioned Response

Answer 7

An unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 8

The conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus that, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 9

Conditioned Response

Answer 9

The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus

Question 10

Acquisition

Answer 10

Initial stage of learning when a response is first established and gradually strengthened

Question 11

Higher-Order Conditioning “Second Order Conditioning”

Answer 11

A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

The occurrences of a conditioned response decreases or disappears, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 13

Refers to the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period

Question 14

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 14

The tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned

Question 15

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 15

The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 16

Watsons “Little Albert” Experiment

Answer 16

Controversial classical conditioning experiment on an infant boy called “Little Albert”. Watson was interested in examining the effects of conditioning on the fear response in humans

Question 17

Taste Aversion

Answer 17

The avoidance of a certain food following a period of illness after consuming that food